计及调频机会成本的混合储能现货-辅助服务联合市场优化运行策略

苏新凯; 赵璐璐; 褚景春; 寇立夯; 金翼; 孙振新

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0423

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计及调频机会成本的混合储能现货-辅助服务联合市场优化运行策略

新型储能技术在可再生能源系统中的应用 | 更新时间：2026-07-20

- 计及调频机会成本的混合储能现货-辅助服务联合市场优化运行策略
- Optimal Operation Strategy for Hybrid Energy Storage System in Joint Spot and Ancillary Service Market Accounting for Frequency Regulation Opportunity Cost
- 储能科学与技术 2026年页码：1-10
- 作者机构：
  
  国家能源集团新能源技术研究员有限公司，北京市昌平区 102209
- 作者简介：
  
  苏新凯（1996—），男，硕士，助理工程师，研究方向为储能系统规划，E-mail：20082058@ceic.com；
  赵璐璐，高级工程师，研究方向为储能系统规划，E-mail：20019029@ceic.com。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家能源集团青海电力公司科技创新项目(GNQH-2024-04)
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0423
  中图分类号： TM 7
- 收稿：2026-05-15，
  
  修回：2026-07-15，
  
  网络首发：2026-07-18，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
苏新凯, 赵璐璐, 褚景春, 等. 计及调频机会成本的混合储能现货-辅助服务联合市场优化运行策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-10.

Su Xinkai, Zhao Lulu, Chu Jingchun, et al. Optimal Operation Strategy for Hybrid Energy Storage System in Joint Spot and Ancillary Service Market Accounting for Frequency Regulation Opportunity Cost[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-10.
苏新凯, 赵璐璐, 褚景春, 等. 计及调频机会成本的混合储能现货-辅助服务联合市场优化运行策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-10. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0423.

Su Xinkai, Zhao Lulu, Chu Jingchun, et al. Optimal Operation Strategy for Hybrid Energy Storage System in Joint Spot and Ancillary Service Market Accounting for Frequency Regulation Opportunity Cost[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-10. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0423.

摘要

在“双碳”目标背景下，新型储能联合参与电力现货市场与调频辅助服务市场成为提升储能盈利水平、保障新型电力系统安全运行的重要途径。储能在响应调频任务时需要预留功率与容量，由此放弃现货套利所形成的机会成本，是制约其参与调频辅助服务积极性的关键因素。本文参考山东电力市场的交易、出清与结算框架，并采用相关市场参数，针对锂离子电池+超级电容混合储能系统，构建了计及调频机会成本的现货-辅助服务联合市场优化运行模型。模型采用日前-实时两阶段结算结构，显式区分能量型与功率型储能在性能指标、退化成本、SOC边界与频域响应特性上的差异，并设计了以组合电价偏离度为耦合变量的机会成本系数自适应补偿机制，使补偿强度可随市场波动自适应调整。基于某地区2025年全年日前与实时实测电价数据，选取春、夏、秋、冬四类典型日设置四个对比场景进行算例分析。结果表明：所提机会成本补偿机制可使典型日联合净收益较无补偿情形提升2.79%~7.34%，秋季在电价波动最显著时增益最大；敏感性分析表明，机制效益对调频里程价格和补偿强度系数提高而增加，对退化成本呈先升后降趋势，对储能时长不敏感，表明机会成本补偿的核心驱动力是功率而非能量。所提机制为新型储能在波动型现货市场中合理参与调频辅助服务提供了量化的市场化补偿路径。

Abstract

Under the "dual carbon" goals

joint participation of new-type energy storage in the day-ahead/real-time electricity spot market and the frequency regulation (FR) ancillary service market has become an important way to improve storage profitability and to ensure safe operation of the new-type power system. When a storage facility reserves power and capacity to respond to FR signals

it forgoes potential spot-market arbitrage revenue; the resulting opportunity cost is a key factor constraining willingness to provide FR ancillary service. Taking the Shandong electricity market rules as a basis

this paper develops an optimal operation model for a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) composed of a lithium-ion battery and a supercapacitor for the joint spot and FR ancillary service market that explicitly accounts for FR opportunity cost. A strict day-ahead/real-time two-stage settlement structure is adopted. The differences between energy-type and power-type storage in performance index (K)

degradation cost

state-of-charge (SOC) boundary

and frequency-domain response characteristics are modeled explicitly. An adaptive compensation mechanism is designed in which the opportunity-cost coefficient μt is coupled with the deviation of a combined day-ahead/real-time price from its daily mean

so that the compensation intensity self-adapts to market volatility. A case study is conducted on four seasonal typical days selected from full-year measured day-ahead and real-time price data of a certain region in 2025. Results show that the proposed mechanism increases typical-day joint net revenue by 2.79%~7.34% relative to the no-compensation case

with the largest gain in autumn when price volatility is highest. Sensitivity analysis shows that mechanism benefit increase with the FR mileage price and the compensation intensity coefficient

while it presents a trend of first rising and then falling with the degradation-cost multiplier

and is insensitive to storage duration

indicating that the opportunity cost is driven primarily by power rather than energy. The proposed mechanism provides a quantifiable

market-oriented compensation path for new-type energy storage to participate in FR ancillary service under volatile spot markets.

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references

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