基于物理参数辨识的燃料电池比例阀自适应标定筛选策略

李维波; 赵子涵; 虞莉娟; 李庆; 罗仁超

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0381

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基于物理参数辨识的燃料电池比例阀自适应标定筛选策略

储能测试与评价 | 更新时间：2026-09-18

- 基于物理参数辨识的燃料电池比例阀自适应标定筛选策略
- Research on an adaptive calibration and screening strategy for fuel cell proportional valves based on physical parameter identification
- 储能科学与技术 2026年15卷第9期页码：3774-3783
- 作者机构：
  
  1.武汉理工大学新能源与电气工程学院，湖北武汉 430000
  2.湖北创偲诺电气科技股份有限公司，湖北恩施 445000
- 作者简介：
  
  李维波（1973—），男，博士，教授，研究方向为电磁阀精密驱动控制技术，E-mail：liweibo@whut.edu.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  湖北省科技计划重点研发项目(2024BAB067);中央高校基本科研业务费资助(104972025YJS0119);楚天英才计划双创团队专项(20259109);中国科协青年科技人才培育工程博士生专项
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0381
  中图分类号： TM 911
- 收稿：2026-05-07，
  
  修回：2026-06-23，
  
  纸质出版：2026-09-28
- 稿件说明：
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李维波, 赵子涵, 虞莉娟, 等. 基于物理参数辨识的燃料电池比例阀自适应标定筛选策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(9): 3774-3783.

LI Weibo, ZHAO Zihan, YU Lijuan, et al. Research on an adaptive calibration and screening strategy for fuel cell proportional valves based on physical parameter identification[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(9): 3774-3783.
李维波, 赵子涵, 虞莉娟, 等. 基于物理参数辨识的燃料电池比例阀自适应标定筛选策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(9): 3774-3783. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0381.

LI Weibo, ZHAO Zihan, YU Lijuan, et al. Research on an adaptive calibration and screening strategy for fuel cell proportional valves based on physical parameter identification[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(9): 3774-3783. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0381.

摘要

质子交换膜燃料电池供气系统中比例阀的动态响应特性与流量控制精度直接影响电堆供气稳定性。受机械加工误差、弹簧刚度离散、磁路气隙偏差以及低温润滑状态变化等因素影响，同批次比例阀易出现启动迟滞、维持电流冗余及流量输出非线性等问题，传统统一控制参数难以兼顾个体差异。针对上述问题，提出一种基于物理参数辨识的燃料电池比例阀自适应标定与分级筛选策略。通过构建比例阀模型，提取启动延时、稳态位移、速度峰值及衰减时间常数等动态响应特征，并采用白鲸优化算法（BWO）对静摩擦力、弹簧刚度、磁路增益及黏性阻尼进行联合辨识，同时与粒子群优化、遗传算法、模拟退火及局部搜索算法进行对比分析。在此基础上，建立性能异常与物理参数偏差到补偿动作的映射关系，设计低温启动Boost补偿、维持电流自适应修正及基于查找表（LUT）的电流重映射策略，并构建A~D四级筛选规则。结果表明，BWO获得最低目标函数值，辨识参数与设定值误差较小。在-30℃冷启动条件下，启动延时由12.0 ms缩短至4.8 ms；针对弹簧刚度偏软仿真工况，维持电流由0.50 A降至0.474 A，稳态温升由45℃降至38.15℃；针对磁路增益偏差仿真工况，LUT补偿后流量误差控制在允许范围内。本工作所提方法无需改变阀体硬件结构即可实现参数辨识、软件补偿与等级判定闭环流程，为燃料电池比例阀批量生产中的一致性控制与质量筛选提供仿真依据和方法参考。

Abstract

The dynamic response characteristics and flow control accuracy of proportional valves in proton exchange membrane fuel cell gas supply systems directly affect the stability of gas supply to the fuel cell stack. Due to factors such as machining errors

variations in spring stiffness

deviations in the magnetic circuit air gap

and low-temperature lubrication changes

proportional valves from the same batch typically exhibit startup hysteresis

current overshoot

and nonlinear flow output; traditional uniform control parameters struggle to account for these individual variations. To address these issues

this study proposes an adaptive calibration and hierarchical screening method for fuel cell proportional valves based on physical parameter identification. A proportional valve model is constructed to extract dynamic response characteristics

including startup delay

steady-state displacement

peak velocity

and decay time constants. Subsequently

the Beluga whale optimization (BWO) algorithm is used to jointly identify static friction

spring stiffness

magnetic circuit gain

and viscous damping

and comparative analysis is performed using particle swarm optimization

genetic algorithms

simulated annealing

and local search algorithms. Based on this analysis

a mapping relationship was established between performance anomalies

physical parameter deviations

and compensation actions. Strategies for low-temperature startup boost compensation

adaptive maintenance current correction

and lookup table (LUT)-based current remapping were designed

and a four-level A-D screening rule was developed. The simulation results demonstrate that BWO achieves the lowest objective function value

minimizing the error between the identified parameters and their corresponding setpoints. Under -30℃ cold start conditions

the startup delay was reduced from 12.0 to 4.8 ms. For the simulation scenario involving soft spring stiffness

the maintenance current decreased from 0.50 to 0.474 A

and the steady-state temperature rise dropped from 45℃ to 38.15℃. For the simulation scenario involving magnetic circuit gain deviation

the flow error was controlled within the permissible range after LUT compensation. The proposed method enables a closed-loop process of parameter identification

software compensation

and grade classification without altering the hardware structure of the valve body and provides a simulation basis and methodological reference for consistency control and quality screening in the mass production of fuel cell proportional valves.

关键词

Keywords

references

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