NaBr-HCOONa-水溶液基低温相变蓄冷材料的优化及性能研究

梁威; 王秀林; 刘博文; 许佳伟; 李慕森; 华维三

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0365

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NaBr-HCOONa-水溶液基低温相变蓄冷材料的优化及性能研究

储能科学与技术 | 更新时间：2026-08-05

- NaBr-HCOONa-水溶液基低温相变蓄冷材料的优化及性能研究
- Optimization and Performance of NaBr-HCOONa-Water Solution-Based Low-Temperature Phase Change Materials for Ultra-Low Temperature Cold Storage
- 储能科学与技术 2026年页码：1-9
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中海石油气电集团技术研发中心，北京 100028
  2.上海海事大学商船学院，上海 201306
- 作者简介：
  
  梁威（1983—），女，硕士，工程师，研究方向为氢能与LNG关键技术研发，E-mail：liangwei2@cnooc.com.cn；
  王秀林，正高级工程师，研究方向为氢能与LNG关键技术研发，E-mail：wangxl19@cnooc.com.cn。
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0365
  中图分类号： TB 34;TB 050.4
- 收稿：2026-04-28，
  
  修回：2026-08-03，
  
  网络首发：2026-08-05，
- 稿件说明：
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梁威, 王秀林, 刘博文, 等. NaBr-HCOONa-水溶液基低温相变蓄冷材料的优化及性能研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-9.

Liang Wei, Wang Xiulin, Liu Bowen, et al. Optimization and Performance of NaBr-HCOONa-Water Solution-Based Low-Temperature Phase Change Materials for Ultra-Low Temperature Cold Storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-9.
梁威, 王秀林, 刘博文, 等. NaBr-HCOONa-水溶液基低温相变蓄冷材料的优化及性能研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-9. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0365.

Liang Wei, Wang Xiulin, Liu Bowen, et al. Optimization and Performance of NaBr-HCOONa-Water Solution-Based Low-Temperature Phase Change Materials for Ultra-Low Temperature Cold Storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-9. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0365.

摘要

针对-28~-40℃低温冷库运行能耗高，现有低温相变材料（Phase Change Material，PCM）存在相变潜热低、导热性能差、循环稳定性欠佳、导热填料易团聚、体系易分层分相等技术难题，以溴化钠（NaBr）、甲酸钠（HCOONa）和去离子水为原料，通过共晶配比优化，并采用黄原胶复配膨胀石墨（Expanded Graphite，EG）协同导热强化工艺，制备适用于低温冷库谷电蓄冷的复合共晶盐水基相变蓄冷材料。经多组梯度配比筛选得到最优基液质量配比：NaBr:HCOONa:去离子水=32∶8∶60，其相变温度为-32.7℃，相变潜热182 kJ/kg，导热系数0.7913W/(m·K)。添加0.3wt.%黄原胶可有效改善 EG 在高盐体系中的分散均匀性；当EG添加量为2.5wt.%时，材料导热系数提升至1.1420W/(m·K)，提升幅度44.32%，改性后相变温度-33.1℃，相变潜热167.4kJ/kg。300次冻融循环测试结果表明，材料相变温度仅降低0.2℃，潜热衰减8.54%，导热系数衰减4.63%，体系无明显分相现象，满足低温相变材料稳定运行国家标准要求。腐蚀测试结果显示，该复合材料对304、316不锈钢的腐蚀速率分别仅为0.0042g/(m²·h)、0.0022g/(m²·h)，远低于碳钢与紫铜，适合采用不锈钢封装。与同温区现有低温蓄冷材料对比，该复合体系同时具备高相变潜热与高导热系数优势，可用于低温冷库谷电移峰蓄冷节能系统，拥有良好的工程应用前景与节能减碳效益。

Abstract

To address the high energy consumption of low-temperature cold storage operating at -28 to -40℃

and overcome technical challenges associated with current phase change materials (PCMs)—such as low latent heat

poor thermal conductivity

insufficient cycle stability

easy agglomeration of thermal conductive fillers

and phase separation—this study develops a composite eutectic saltwater-based phase change material for cold storage using sodium bromide (NaBr)

sodium formate (HCOONa)

and deionized water. Through optimization of eutectic composition and incorporation of xanthan gum combined with expanded graphite (EG) to enhance thermal conductivity

a novel PCM suitable for off-peak electricity thermal energy storage in low-temperature cold storage is prepared. After screening multiple gradient compositions

the optimal base liquid mass ratio was determined as NaBr:HCOONa:deionized water = 32:8:60

which exhibits a phase transition temperature of -32.7℃

a latent heat of 182 kJ/kg

and a thermal conductivity of 0.7913W/(m·K). Adding 0.3wt.% xanthan gum significantly improves the dispersion uniformity of EG in the high-salt system; when EG content reaches 2.5wt.%

the thermal conductivity increases to 1.1420W/(m·K)

representing a 44.32% improvement. The modified material shows a phase transition temperature of -33.1℃ and a latent heat of 167.4kJ/kg. After 300 freeze-thaw cycles

the phase transition temperature decreases by only 0.2℃

latent heat decays by 8.54%

and thermal conductivity declines by 4.63%. No significant phase separation occurs

meeting national standards for stable operation of low-temperature PCMs. Corrosion tests reveal that the corrosion rates of this composite material on 304 and 316 stainless steels are only 0.0042g/(m²·h) and 0.0022g/(m²·h)

respectively—significantly lower than those on carbon steel and copper—making stainless steel encapsulation highly suitable. Compared with existing low-temperature thermal storage materials in the same temperature range

this composite system offers both high latent heat and high thermal conductivity

making it ideal for energy-saving peak-shaving systems in low-temperature cold storage. It holds great promise for engineering applications and delivers substantial energy conservation and carbon reduction benefits.

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