兆瓦级高温热泵用向心透平气动设计与性能分析

孙靖武; 赵香龙; 韩小寒; 王昊; 王志得; 王宏刚

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0321

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兆瓦级高温热泵用向心透平气动设计与性能分析

储能测试与评价 | 更新时间：2026-09-18

- 兆瓦级高温热泵用向心透平气动设计与性能分析
- Aerodynamic design and performance analysis of a centripetal turbine for a megawatt-scale high-temperature heat pump
- 储能科学与技术 2026年15卷第9期页码：3765-3773
- 作者机构：
  
  北京低碳清洁能源研究院，北京 102211
- 作者简介：
  
  孙靖武（1997—），男，博士，工程师，研究方向为储能技术、热力电池、熔盐储热，E-mail：20112858@ceic.com；
  王宏刚，正高级工程师，研究方向为卡诺电池、液流电池、炭基固体超高温储热技术、固体氧化物燃料电池、电氢化多能协同，E-mail：20089532@ceic.com。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金（The National Natural ScienceFoundation of China）(U25B6014)
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0321
  中图分类号： TK 14
- 收稿：2026-04-13，
  
  修回：2026-06-22，
  
  纸质出版：2026-09-28
- 稿件说明：
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孙靖武, 赵香龙, 韩小寒, 等. 兆瓦级高温热泵用向心透平气动设计与性能分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(9): 3765-3773.

SUN Jingwu, ZHAO Xianglong, HAN Xiaohan, et al. Aerodynamic design and performance analysis of a centripetal turbine for a megawatt-scale high-temperature heat pump[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(9): 3765-3773.
孙靖武, 赵香龙, 韩小寒, 等. 兆瓦级高温热泵用向心透平气动设计与性能分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(9): 3765-3773. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0321.

SUN Jingwu, ZHAO Xianglong, HAN Xiaohan, et al. Aerodynamic design and performance analysis of a centripetal turbine for a megawatt-scale high-temperature heat pump[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(9): 3765-3773. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0321.

摘要

面向高比例可再生能源并网下的长时储能需求，卡诺电池系统对高温热泵中核心膨胀装置的气动性能与运行可靠性提出了更高要求。针对某3 MW级高温热泵示范系统中的空气向心透平，在给定边界条件下开展设计与性能评估。设计参数为：进口总压0.546 MPa、总温328.25 K、出口静压0.125 MPa、流量10.031 kg/s、转速7956 r/min。采用一维热力计算与三维数值模拟相结合的方法开展研究。一维设计以反动度、速比、气流角等7个参数为变量，先经粒子群算法全局寻优，再通过序列二次规划对叶高、子午收缩角等结构参数进行局部细化。非定常效应由非线性谐波法求解。分析了动叶叶片数、入口压力变化及动静干涉对透平性能的影响。一维与三维对比表明：等熵效率偏差3.37%，流量偏差2.49%，功率偏差3.16%。动叶叶片数由12增至17时，吸力面低速区面积先缩小后扩大，叶片数14~15片时流动均匀性最佳。入口压力偏离设计值±20%范围内，等熵效率高于85%。非定常透平效率较定常结果低约2.2个百分点，主要归因于静叶尾迹与动叶栅的周期性干涉。上述结果可为兆瓦级卡诺电池系统中向心透平的工程设计提供参考。

Abstract

To support long-duration energy storage under high-penetration renewable energy integration

the Carnot battery system imposes higher requirements on the aerodynamic performance and operational reliability of the centripetal turbine

the core expansion device in its high-temperature heat pump. This study presents the design and performance evaluation of an air-based centripetal turbine for a 3  MW high-temperature heat pump demonstration project under specified boundary conditions. The design parameters are as follows: inlet total pressure

0.546 MPa; inlet total temperature

328.25 K; outlet static pressure

0.125 MPa; mass flow rate

10.031 kg/s; and rotational speed

7956 r/min. A coupled one-dimensional (1D) thermodynamic and three-dimensional (3D) numerical framework is adopted for the aerodynamic design. In the 1D design

seven core aerodynamic parameters (reaction degree

velocity ratio

flow angles

etc.) are used as optimization variables. Global optimization is initially executed via particle swarm optimization

followed by local refinement of structural parameters

such as blade height and meridional contraction angle

using sequential quadratic programming. Subsequent 3D modeling is conducted on the NUMECA platform with approximately 1.75 million cells per passage. The Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model is employed

and unsteady effects are solved by the nonlinear harmonic method. The impacts of rotor blade count

off-design conditions

and unsteady flow characteristics are systematically investigated. Comparative analysis between the 1D and 3D results reveals deviations of 3.37%

2.49%

and 3.16% for isentropic efficiency

mass flow rate

and output power

respectively. As the rotor blade count increases from 12 to 17

the suction-side low-velocity region initially contracts before expanding

achieving optimal flow uniformity at 14—15 blades. When the inlet pressure deviates by ±20% from the design value

the isentropic efficiency of the turbine remains above 85%. Furthermore

the unsteady efficiency is lower than the steady result

mainly driven by periodic interactions between the stator wakes and the rotor cascade. These findings provide a practical engineering reference for designing centripetal turbines in megawatt-scale Carnot battery systems.

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