钠离子电池磷基负极材料：储钠机制、研究进展与改进策略

常启明; 郑小霞; 高艳; 赵宇泽; 朱正伟; 斯庆苏都; 邓建学; 刘德新; 问研良; 洪明子; 魏飞

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0314

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钠离子电池磷基负极材料：储钠机制、研究进展与改进策略

储能材料与器件 | 更新时间：2026-08-26

- 钠离子电池磷基负极材料：储钠机制、研究进展与改进策略
- Sodium-ion batteries with phosphorus-based anode materials: Sodium storage mechanisms, research progress, and improvement strategies
- 储能科学与技术 2026年15卷第8期页码：3086-3109
- 作者机构：
  
  1.鄂尔多斯实验室，内蒙古鄂尔多斯 017010
  2.清华大学化学工程系，北京 100084
- 作者简介：
  
  常启明（1998—），男，硕士，助理工程师，研究方向为钠离子电池磷碳复合负极材料，E-mail：changqiming@ordoslab.cn
  郑小霞（1992—），女，硕士，工程师，研究方向为电池储能材料，E-mail：zhengxiaoxia@ordoslab.cn
  高艳（1997—），女，硕士，助理工程师，研究方向为钠离子电池负极材料，E-mail：gaoyan970204@163.com；
  问研良，副教授，主要从事锂/钠电正负极材料的宏量制备技术开发与工程化应用，E-mail：wenyanliang@ordoslab.cn
  洪明子，教授，研究方向为面向下一代电化学储能系统的高性能材料的先进设计与实际应用，E-mail：hongmingzi@ordoslab.cn
  魏飞，教授，主要从事流态化多相反应工程、碳纳米管宏量制备与应用、能源化工、绿色催化及原位表征技术相关研究，E-mail：wf-dce@tsinghua.edu.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  硅碳负极粉体气固浮动床宏量制备关键技术与工业验证(Ordoslab-kjzc-202504);流化床法宏量制备锂电池用磷酸铁锂技术及装备开发(ordoslabpt202501)
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0314
  中图分类号： TB 332
- 收稿：2026-04-10，
  
  修回：2026-05-20，
  
  网络首发：2026-08-26，
  
  纸质出版：2026-08-28
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
常启明, 郑小霞, 高艳, 等. 钠离子电池磷基负极材料:储钠机制、研究进展与改进策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(8): 3086-3109.

CHANG Qiming, ZHENG Xiaoxia, GAO Yan, et al. Sodium-ion batteries with phosphorus-based anode materials: Sodium storage mechanisms, research progress, and improvement strategies[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(8): 3086-3109.
常启明, 郑小霞, 高艳, 等. 钠离子电池磷基负极材料:储钠机制、研究进展与改进策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(8): 3086-3109. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0314.

CHANG Qiming, ZHENG Xiaoxia, GAO Yan, et al. Sodium-ion batteries with phosphorus-based anode materials: Sodium storage mechanisms, research progress, and improvement strategies[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(8): 3086-3109. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0314.

摘要

本文系统综述了钠离子电池磷基负极材料的研究进展，重点围绕红磷、金属磷化物及红磷/碳复合材料三类体系，深入探讨了其储钠机制、合成方法与结构调控策略。磷基材料凭借高达2596 mAh/g的理论比容量和约0.4 V（

. Na

/Na）的低工作电位，展现出极具潜力的应用前景。然而，其本征电子电导率极低（约10

-14

S/cm），且在充放电过程中体积膨胀率高达约300%，易引发电极结构的粉化与循环寿命的快速衰减，严重制约了其实际应用。其中，红磷因其资源丰富、成本低廉且储钠活性优异而成为研究热点。通过纳米尺度设计、多孔结构构建、碳材料复合及界面工程修饰等策略，可有效提升材料的导电性，缓解体积膨胀效应，并促进稳定的固态电解质界面膜的形成，从而显著改善其循环稳定性与倍率性能。本文系统梳理了各类改性策略的作用机制与优缺点，对比分析了不同磷基材料的电化学性能差异与应用短板。最后，结合储能行业发展态势与前沿研究方向，从结构设计、工艺优化、界面调控及协同改性的角度展望了磷基材料的发展趋势，着重指出红磷/碳复合材料是现阶段最具产业化潜力的研究方向，为突破其商业化应用难题提供理论参考与技术路径。

Abstract

This review systematically assesses recent progress in phosphorus-based anode materials for sodium-ion batteries

focusing on sodium storage mechanisms

synthetic routes

and structural tuning strategies for red phosphorus

metal phosphides

and red phosphorus/carbon composite systems. Phosphorus-based materials show significant application potential because of their high theoretical specific capacities (up to 2596 mAh/g) and low operating potential (0.4 V

. Na

/Na). However

their intrinsically poor conductivity (10

-14

S/cm) and severe volume expansion (300%) during charge and discharge can lead to electrode pulverization and rapid capacity fading

thereby hindering practical application. Among these materials

red phosphorus has become a research hotspot because of its natural abundance

low cost

and excellent sodium-storage capability. Through strategies such as nanoscale engineering

pore structure control

carbon material compositing

and interfacial modification

conductivity can be effectively enhanced

volume expansion can be mitigated

and a stable solid electrolyte interphase can be promoted

thereby significantly improving the cycling stability and rate. The mechanisms

advantages

and disadvantages of various modif

ication strategies are also reviewed

providing a comparative analysis of the electrochemical performance and application limitations among different phosphorus-based materials. Finally

in light of current energy storage trends and emerging research directions

future development paths for phosphorus-based materials are outlined from the perspectives of structural design

process optimization

interfacial regulation

and synergistic modification. Red phosphorus/carbon composites are emphasized as the most promising route for industrialization

providing theoretical reference and technical guidance for overcoming the challenges of commercial application.

关键词

Keywords

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