ZIF-8衍生核壳多孔Si@C负极的制备及其在锂离子电容器中的应用研究

宫奥; 赵涵; 高静; 王儒涛

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0240

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ZIF-8衍生核壳多孔Si@C负极的制备及其在锂离子电容器中的应用研究

超级电容器关键材料与器件专刊 | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- ZIF-8衍生核壳多孔Si@C负极的制备及其在锂离子电容器中的应用研究
- Fabrication of ZIF-8-derived core-shell porous Si@C anode and its application in lithium-ion capacitors
- 储能科学与技术 2026年15卷第5期页码：1606-1617
- 作者机构：
  
  1.山东大学材料科学与工程学院，山东济南 250061
  2.吉利汽车研究院（宁波）有限公司，浙江宁波 315336
- 作者简介：
  
  宫奥（2003—），男，硕士研究生（在读），研究方向为硅负极材料的合成与改性，E-mail：gongao0717@163.com;
  赵涵，硕士研究生，研究方向为硅碳负极与锂电池，E-mail：Han.Zhao2@Geely.com；
  王儒涛，教授，研究方向为电化学储能电极材料的结构设计、制备、性能及机理研究，E-mail：Rtwang@sdu.cn；
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金委面上项目(52572241;52272224)
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0240
  中图分类号： TM 911
- 收稿：2026-03-25，
  
  修回：2026-04-23，
  
  录用：2026-04-27，
  
  纸质出版：2026-05-28
- 稿件说明：
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宫奥, 赵涵, 高静, 等. ZIF-8衍生核壳多孔Si@C负极的制备及其在锂离子电容器中的应用研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(5): 1606-1617.宫奥, 赵涵, 高静, 等. ZIF-8衍生核壳多孔Si@C负极的制备及其在锂离子电容器中的应用研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(5): 1606-1617.

GONG Ao, ZHAO Han, Gao Jing, et al. Fabrication of ZIF-8-derived core-shell porous Si@C anode and its application in lithium-ion capacitors[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(5): 1606-1617.GONG Ao, ZHAO Han, Gao Jing, et al. Fabrication of ZIF-8-derived core-shell porous Si@C anode and its application in lithium-ion capacitors[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(5): 1606-1617.
宫奥, 赵涵, 高静, 等. ZIF-8衍生核壳多孔Si@C负极的制备及其在锂离子电容器中的应用研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(5): 1606-1617.宫奥, 赵涵, 高静, 等. ZIF-8衍生核壳多孔Si@C负极的制备及其在锂离子电容器中的应用研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(5): 1606-1617. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0240.

GONG Ao, ZHAO Han, Gao Jing, et al. Fabrication of ZIF-8-derived core-shell porous Si@C anode and its application in lithium-ion capacitors[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(5): 1606-1617.GONG Ao, ZHAO Han, Gao Jing, et al. Fabrication of ZIF-8-derived core-shell porous Si@C anode and its application in lithium-ion capacitors[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(5): 1606-1617. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0240.

摘要

针对硅负极在储锂过程中体积膨胀大、动力学性能差、难以满足锂离子电容器（LICs）高能量密度与高功率密度协同需求的问题，本工作以金属有机框架ZIF-8为碳前驱体，通过聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）表面修饰、原位生长与高温炭化工艺，制备了核壳多孔结构纳米硅碳（Si@C）复合材料，系统表征了材料的物相组成、微观形貌与孔结构特征，并结合半电池、动力学测试和器件测试分析其储锂行为与实际应用性能。结果表明，Si@C保持了较完整的核壳结构，颗粒尺寸约为120 nm，孔径主要分布在0.5~2 nm，可有效缓冲硅的体积变化并改善电子/离子传输。在半电池中，Si@C在0.1 A/g和10 A/g电流密度下的可逆比容量分别为1911 mAh/g和354.8 mAh/g；在1 A/g下循环100圈后仍保持917 mAh/g的可逆容量。以预锂化Si@C为负极、自制多孔炭为正极组装的LICs，可在286.8 W/kg功率密度下能量密度达到195.62 Wh/kg，在11412.6 W/kg下仍保持113.27 Wh/kg，并在2 A/g下循环1000圈后容量保持率为89%。以上研究表明，构筑MOF衍生多孔碳壳层是提升硅基负极倍率性能、循环稳定性及锂离子电容器综合性能的有效策略。

Abstract

To address the large volume expansion and sluggish kinetics of silicon anodes during lithiation

which hinder the simultaneous achievement of high energy density and high power density in lithium-ion capacitors (LICs)

a core-shell porous nano-silicon/carbon composite (Si@C) was prepared by using the metal-organic framework ZIF-8 as a carbon precursor through polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) surface modification

in situ growth

and high-temperature carbonization. The phase composition

microstructure

and pore characteristics of the material were systematically characterized

and its lithium-storage behavior and practical application performance were evaluated by half-cell tests

kinetic analysis

and device measurements. The results show that Si@C retains an intact core-shell structure with a particle size of about 120 nm

and its pore size is mainly distributed in the range of 0.5—2 nm

which effectively buffers the volume variation of silicon and improves electron/ion transport. In half-cells

the reversible specific capacities of Si@C are 1911 and 354.8 mAh/g at current densities of 0.1 and 10 A/g

respectively

and a reversible capacity of 917 mAh/g is maintained after 100 cycles at 1 A/g. When prelithiated Si@C is used as the anode and self-made porous carbon is used as the cathode

the assembled LIC device delivers an energy density of 195.62 Wh/kg at a power density of 286.8 W/kg and still retains 113.27 Wh/kg at 11412.6 W/kg

with a capacity retention of 89% after 1000 cycles at 2 A/g. These results demonstrate that constructing a MOF-derived porous carbon shell is an effective strategy for improving the rate capability

cycling stability

and overall electrochemical performance of silicon-based anodes for LICs.

关键词

Keywords

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