多孔碳超级电容器储能机理研究进展

贾亚坤; 韦峥宁; 覃琪; 梁承林; 邢甫旭; 莫唐明

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0217

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多孔碳超级电容器储能机理研究进展

超级电容器关键材料与器件专刊 | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- 多孔碳超级电容器储能机理研究进展
- Recent advances in understanding of energy storage mechanisms in porous carbon-based supercapacitors
- 储能科学与技术 2026年15卷第5期页码：1779-1796
- 作者机构：
  
  广西大学石化资源加工及过程强化技术重点实验室，机械工程学院，广西南宁 530004
- 作者简介：
  
  贾亚坤（2002—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为多孔碳超级电容器，E-mail：jiayakun2025@163.com；
  莫唐明，副教授，研究方向为电化学储能器件，E-mail：motangming@gxu.edu.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(52406226);广西壮族自治区自然科学基金(2025GXNSFBA069396);广西青年科技人才托举工程(2025YESSGX036);广西石化资源加工及过程强化技术重点实验室开放基金(2024K009)
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0217
  中图分类号： TM 911
- 收稿：2026-03-16，
  
  修回：2026-04-11，
  
  纸质出版：2026-05-28
- 稿件说明：
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贾亚坤, 韦峥宁, 覃琪, 等. 多孔碳超级电容器储能机理研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(5): 1779-1796.

JIA Yakun, WEI Zhengning, QIN Qi, et al. Recent advances in understanding of energy storage mechanisms in porous carbon-based supercapacitors[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(5): 1779-1796.
贾亚坤, 韦峥宁, 覃琪, 等. 多孔碳超级电容器储能机理研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(5): 1779-1796. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0217.

JIA Yakun, WEI Zhengning, QIN Qi, et al. Recent advances in understanding of energy storage mechanisms in porous carbon-based supercapacitors[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(5): 1779-1796. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0217.

摘要

双电层超级电容器因充放电速度快、功率密度高和循环寿命长等优势，在电力电子、交通运输及国防军事等领域展现出广阔的应用前景。多孔碳材料凭借高比表面积、高电导率及低成本等特点，成为当前最具商业价值的电极材料。多孔碳超级电容器通过在电压作用下吸附离子进入多孔电极内形成固液界面双电层，实现储能。因此，深入阐明多孔碳纳米限域空间中拓扑结构对离子传输与电荷储存机理的影响机制，对于多孔碳电极的理性设计具有重要意义。基于此，综述了多孔碳储能机理研究的最新进展，重点探讨了分子动力学等理论模拟方法在电荷存储及离子传输机理研究中的重要作用，特别强调了亚纳米孔电容反常增加、微孔碳充电速度随孔径振荡变化、介孔碳分工协作机制及分级多孔碳预存储-协同传输机理等最新进展。最后，指出未来研究应向实验约束电极模型构建、多尺度模拟方法发展、赝电容机理解析及数据驱动结构设计等方向推进。本文旨在深化对于多孔碳超级电容器储能机理的理解，为高性能超级电容器的研发提供理论基础。

Abstract

Electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) have demonstrated broad application prospects in power electronics

transportation

and defense due to their fast charge-discharge rates

high power density

and long cycle life. Porous carbon materials

with their high specific surface area

excellent electrical conductivity

and low cost

have become the most commercially valuable electrode materials to date. In porous carbon supercapacitors

energy storage is achieved through the formation of an electric double layer at the solid-liquid interface as ions are adsorbed into the porous electrode under an applied voltage. Therefore

a thorough understanding of how the topology of confined nanoscale pores in porous carbon influences ion transport and charge storage mechanisms is crucial for the rational design of porous carbon electrodes. Based on this

this review summarizes the latest progress in energy storage mechanisms of porous carbons

emphasizing the critical role of theoretical simulation methods

such as molecular dynamics

in investigating charge storage and ion transport mechanisms. Special attention is given to recent advances including anomalous capacitance enhancement in subnanometer pores

oscillatory variation of charging rates in microporous carbons with pore size

cooperative mechanisms in mesoporous carbons

and pre-storage-synergistic transport mechanisms in hierarchical porous carbons. Finally

it is suggested that future research should advance toward experimentally constrained electrode model construction

the development of multiscale simulation methods

elucidation of pseudocapacitive mechanisms

and data-driven structural design. This review aims to deepen the understanding of energy storage mechanisms in porous carbon supercapacitors and provide a theoretical basis for the development of high-performance supercapacitors.

关键词

Keywords

references

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