Flywheel energy storage technology is an electromechanical energy conversion system that releases kinetic energy through high-speed rotating bodies and stores it. In practical work

electric energy and mechanical energy can be dynamically exchanged and converted through the flywheel itself

which has multiple advantages such as fast response speed

long cycle life

high conversion efficiency

and low pollution

and has good application prospects and research value. This study systematically analyzed the structural and trajectory characteristics of modern flywheel energy storage systems. It can be concluded that the flywheel energy storage system needs to achieve a synergistic optimization of lightweight

high strength

and long life through layered composite design and the synergistic effect of multiple materials at the structural level; At the dynamic trajectory level

the bidirectional energy flow coupling during the energy conversion process ensures the nonlinear attenuation of efficiency and the disturbance suppression characteristics of load dynamic matching laws.