基于LFP/AC复配正极的混合型锂离子电容器材料优化

张玉曼; 杨重阳; 夏恒恒

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0176

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

基于LFP/AC复配正极的混合型锂离子电容器材料优化

超级电容器关键材料与器件专刊 | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- 基于LFP/AC复配正极的混合型锂离子电容器材料优化
- Investigation on material optimization of hybrid lithium-ion capacitor based on LFP/AC composite cathode
- 储能科学与技术 2026年15卷第5期页码：1626-1639
- 作者机构：
  
  1.上海奥威科技开发有限公司，上海 201203
  2.国家车用超级电容器系统工程技术研究中心，上海 201203
  3.上海大学理学院，上海 200444
- 作者简介：
  
  张玉曼（1997—），女，硕士，工程师，研究方向为高功率储能器件，E-mail：zym@aowei.com；
  夏恒恒，高级工程师，研究方向为高功率化学电源技术开发及产业应用，E-mail：xia_hheng@163.com。
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0176
  中图分类号： TM 911
- 收稿：2026-02-28，
  
  修回：2026-03-31，
  
  纸质出版：2026-05-28
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
张玉曼, 杨重阳, 夏恒恒. 基于LFP/AC复配正极的混合型锂离子电容器材料优化[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(5): 1626-1639.

ZHANG Yuman, YANG Chongyang, XIA Hengheng. Investigation on material optimization of hybrid lithium-ion capacitor based on LFP/AC composite cathode[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(5): 1626-1639.
张玉曼, 杨重阳, 夏恒恒. 基于LFP/AC复配正极的混合型锂离子电容器材料优化[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(5): 1626-1639. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0176.

ZHANG Yuman, YANG Chongyang, XIA Hengheng. Investigation on material optimization of hybrid lithium-ion capacitor based on LFP/AC composite cathode[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(5): 1626-1639. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0176.

摘要

混合型锂离子电容器（HyLICs）兼具高能量密度、高倍率性能以及长循环寿命等优点，是近年来短时高频储能领域的研究热点。磷酸铁锂（LiFePO

，LFP）作为低成本、长寿命的电池材料，是参与构筑HyLICs复配正极的极佳选择。以LFP/AC复配正极为基础，探究石墨、硬炭（HC）两种负极体系在HyLICs电性能测试过程中的性能差异和电位变化，并对循环后的电极进行表征。结果证实，相较于石墨，硬炭表现出优异的倍率、循环性能以及更快的离子扩散动力学特性；石墨负极体系，循环会引起负极电位过低，诱发锂枝晶现象并造成负极严重损伤；而硬炭负极体系虽会引起正极电位升高，但并未对正极结构产生影响。在（LFP/AC）||HC（AC为活性炭）体系下，进一步对三款代表性商业化LFP材料进行测评并选出性能最佳的LFP-3，其参与构筑的HyLICs基于正负极活性物质的能量密度为183.5 Wh/kg、功率密度为10.4 kW/kg，倍率性能为94.5%@30C、83.7%@60C，9C循环9000次后容量保持率高达86.5%。本工作不仅系统性地探究了LFP基HyLICs在不同负极体系下的电性能差异与电位变化，更为商业化高功率、长寿命HyLICs的开发提供了理论支撑和实验依据。

Abstract

Hybrid Li-ion capacitors (HyLICs)

combining high energy density

high-rate performance

and long cycle life

have recently emerged as a research h

otspot in the field of new energy storage. Owing to its cost-effectiveness and long cycle life

lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO

LFP) is the preferred battery material for constructing hybrid cathodes in HyLICs. Employing LFP/activated carbon (AC) composite cathodes

the potential variations of graphite and hard carbon (HC) anode systems during the electrochemical testing of HyLICs are investigated

after which the cycled electrodes were characterized. The results confirm that HC exhibits an excellent rate

cycling performance

and faster ion-diffusion kinetics compared with graphite. Moreover

the graphite anode system suffers from excessively low anode potentials during cycling

and this induces Li dendrite formation

causing severe damage to the anode. Conversely

although the HC system increases cathode potential

it does not affect the cathode structure. Employing the (LFP/AC)||HC system

various LFP materials are also evaluated

with LFP-3 emerging as the optimal candidate. The HyLICs assembled with LFP-3 exhibit a specific energy of 183.5 Wh/kg

a specific power of 10.4 kW/kg based on the cathode and anode active materials

rate capabilities of 94.5%@30C and 83.7%@60C

and a significantly high capacity-retention rate of 86.5% after 9000 cycles at 9C. This work systematically explores the differences in the electrical performances and potential variations of LFP-based HyLICs across different anode systems

providing theoretical support and experimental basis for developing commercial high-power and long cycle life HyLICs.

关键词

Keywords

references

KARIMI D, BEHI H, VAN MIERLO J, et al. A comprehensive review of lithium-ion capacitor technology: Theory, development, modeling, thermal management systems, and applications[J]. Molecules, 2022, 27(10): DOI:10.3390/molecules27103119.

LIANG J X, WANG D W. Design rationale and device configuration of lithium-ion capacitors[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2022, 12(25): 2200920. DOI:10.1002/aenm.2022 00920.

张晓虎, 孙现众, 张熊, 等. 锂离子电容器在新能源领域应用展望[J]. 电工电能新技术, 2020, 39(11): 48-58. DOI:10.12067/ATEEE2001022.

ZHANG X H, SUN X Z, ZHANG X, et al. Prospect of lithium-ion capacitor application in new energy field[J]. Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy, 2020, 39(11): 48-58. DOI:10.12067/ATEEE2001022.

WANG X J, LIU L L, NIU Z Q. Carbon-based materials for lithium-ion capacitors[J]. Materials Chemistry Frontiers, 2019, 3(7): 1265-1279.

LAMB J J, BURHEIM O S. Lithium-ion capacitors: A review of design and active materials[J]. Energies, 2021, 14(4): DOI:10.3390/en14040979.

CAPPETTO A, CAO W J, LUO J F, et al. Performance of wide temperature range electrolytes for Li-ion capacitor pouch cells[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2017, 359: 205-214. DOI:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.05.071.

JIN L M, SHEN C, SHELLIKERI A, et al. Progress and perspectives on pre-lithiation technologies for lithium ion capacitors[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2020, 13(8): 2341-2362.

LI Y H, FAN Z J, LI S P, et al. A successive intercalation-deposition mechanism induced by hard carbon for hybrid lithium-ion/lithium metal batteries[J]. Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2025, 106: 20-30. DOI:10.1016/j.jechem.2025.01.009.

XING F F, BI Z H, SU F, et al. Unraveling the design principles of battery-supercapacitor hybrid devices: From fundamental mechanisms to microstructure engineering and challenging perspectives[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2022, 12(26): 2200594. DOI:10.1002/aenm.202200594.

THANGAVEL R, KALIYAPPAN K, KANG K, et al. Going beyond lithium hybrid capacitors: Proposing a new high-performing sodium hybrid capacitor system for next-generation hybrid vehicles made with bio-inspired activated carbon[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2016, 6(7): 1502199. DOI:10.1002/aenm.201502199.

DUBAL D P, AYYAD O, RUIZ V, et al. Hybrid energy storage: The merging of battery and supercapacitor chemistries[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2015, 44(7): 1777-1790.

WU W L, ZHAO C H, LIU H, et al. Hierarchical architecture of two-dimensional Ti 3 C 2 nanosheets@metal-organic framework derivatives as anode for hybrid li-ion capacitors[J ] . Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2022, 623: 216-225. DOI:10.1016/j.jcis.2022.05.038.

夏恒恒, 安仲勋, 黄廷立, 等. 基于活性炭/镍钴锰酸锂(AC/LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 )复合正极的锂离子超级电容电池的构建及其电化学性能[J ] . 储能科学与技术, 2018, 7(6): 1233-1241. DOI:10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2018.0142.

XIA H H, AN Z X, HUANG T L, et al. Construction of Li-ion supercapacitor-type battery using active carbon/LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 composite as cathode and its electrochemical performances[J ] . Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2018, 7(6): 1233-1241. DOI:10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2018.0142.

LI Z H, ZHANG D M, YANG F X. Developments of lithium-ion batteries and challenges of LiFePO 4 as one promising cathode material[J ] . Journal of Materials Science, 2009, 44(10): 2435-2443. DOI:10.1007/s10853-009-3316-z.

BÖCKENFELD N, KÜHNEL R S, PASSERINI S, et al. Composite LiFePO 4 /AC high rate performance electrodes for Li-ion capacitors[J ] . Journal of Power Sources, 2011, 196(8): 4136-4142. DOI:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.11.042.

SHELLIKERI A, YTURRIAGA S, ZHENG J S, et al. Hybrid lithium-ion capacitor with LiFePO 4 /AC composite cathode—Long term cycle life study, rate effect and charge sharing analysis[J ] . Journal of Power Sources, 2018, 392: 285-295. DOI:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.05.002.

张世明, 车海英, 杨柯, 等. 基于LiFePO 4 和活性炭的混合型电化学储能器件研究[J ] . 储能科学与技术, 2018, 7(2): 86-93.

ZHANG S M, CHE H Y, YANG K, et al. Development of hybrid electrochemical energy storage device based on LiFePO 4 and activated carbon[J ] . Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2018, 7(2): 86-93.

LI J, GUO J Q, LI P Y, et al. Pre-lithiated mesocarbon microbeads anode and bifunctional cathode for high performance hybrid lithium-ion capacitors[J]. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 2017, 12(4): 3212-3220. DOI:10.20964/2017.04.59.

BÖCKENFELD N, PLACKE T, WINTER M, et al. The influence of activated carbon on the performance of lithium iron phosphate based electrodes[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2012, 76: 130-136. DOI:10.1016/j.electacta.2012.04.152.

FENG J, CHERNOVA N A, OMENYA F, et al. Effect of electrode charge balance on the energy storage performance of hybrid supercapacitor cells based on LiFePO 4 as Li-ion battery electrode and activated carbon[J ] . Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 2018, 22(4): 1063-1078. DOI:10.1007/s10008-017-3847-1.

袁峻, 乔志军, 傅冠生, 等. 负极材料对磷酸铁锂电容电池性能的影响[J]. 广东化工, 2015, 42(7): 70-71.

YUAN J, QIAO Z J, FU G S, et al. Effects on the performance of LiFePO 4 capacitor battery by cathode materials[J ] . Guangdong Chemical Industry, 2015, 42(7): 70-71.

CHEN B, HOPE-GLENN N, WRIGHT A, et al. Mechanistic understanding of lithium-ion adsorption, intercalation, and plating during charging of graphite electrodes[J]. ACS Electrochemistry, 2025, 1(5): 574-587.

NI J F, HUANG Y Y, GAO L J. A high-performance hard carbon for Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors application[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2013, 223: 306-311. DOI:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.09.047.

XIE L J, TANG C, BI Z H, et al. Hard carbon anodes for next-generation Li-ion batteries: Review and perspective[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2021, 11(38): 2101650. DOI:10.1002/aenm.202101650.

WU M X, XIE S N, ZHOU Y R. Enhancing safety and performance of hybrid supercapacitors through material system optimization[J]. Ionics, 2024, 30(12): 8417-8440. DOI:10.1007/s11581-024-05895-6.

DINKELACKER F, MARZAK P, YUN J, et al. Multistage mechanism of lithium intercalation into graphite anodes in the presence of the solid electrolyte interface[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018, 10(16): 14063-14069.

SAJU S K, CHATTOPADHYAY S, XU J N, et al. Hard carbon anode for lithium-, sodium-, and potassium-ion batteries: Advancement and future perspective[J]. Cell Reports Physical Science, 2024, 5(3): 101851. DOI:10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.101851.

BOZ B, DEV T, SALVADORI A, et al. Review—Electrolyte and electrode designs for enhanced ion transport properties to enable high performance lithium batteries[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2021, 168(9): 090501. DOI:10.1149/1945-7111/ac1cc3.

CHEN K H, GOEL V, NAMKOONG M J, et al. Enabling 6C fast charging of Li-ion batteries with graphite/hard carbon hybrid anodes[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2021, 11(5): 2003336. DOI:10.1002/aenm.202003336.

唐新村, 黄伯云, 贺跃辉. LiMn 2 O 4 中锂离子扩散系数与充/放电次数的关系[J ] . 物理化学学报, 2005, 21(9): 957-960.

TANG Xincun, HUANG Boyun, HE Yuehui. Dependence of Li + diffusion coefficients in LiMn 2 O 4 on charge/discharge cycles[J ] . Acta Physico-chimica Sinica, 2005, 21(9): 957-960.

HÜGER E, SCHMIDT H. The meaning of Li diffusion in cathode materials for the cycling of Li-ion batteries: A case study on LiNi 0.33 Mn 0.33 Co 0.33 O 2 thin films[J ] . The Journal of Chemical Physics, 2025, 163(2): 024706. DOI:10.1063/5.0272991.

ZHANG Y R, FRAGGEDAKIS D, GAO T, et al. Lithium-ion intercalation by coupled ion-electron transfer[J]. Science, 2025, 390(6768): eadq2541. DOI:10.1126/science.adq2541.

CHENG M Z, CHEN A Y, ZHANG Z J, et al. Regulating lithium intercalation/plating competition to enhance low-temperature performance of Li-ion batteries[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2025, 147(44): 40776-40787. DOI:10.1021/jacs.5c13810.

LI Y, WANG L, ZHANG K Y, et al. Optimized synthesis of LiFePO 4 cathode material and its reaction mechanism during solvothermal[J ] . Advanced Powder Technology, 2021, 32(6): 2097-2105. DOI:10.1016/j.apt.2021.04.019.

KUMAR J, SHEN X, LI B, et al. Selective recovery of Li and FePO 4 from spent LiFePO 4 cathode scraps by organic acids and the properties of the regenerated LiFePO 4 [J ] . Waste Management, 2020, 113: 32-40. DOI:10.1016/j.wasman.2020.05.046.

张小洪, 王明灿, 班宵汉, 等. 不同粒径正极材料对锂离子电池性能的影响[J]. 电源技术, 2024, 48(12): 2368-2373. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-087X.2024.12.006.

ZHANG X H, WANG M C, BAN X H, et al. Effects of different particle sizes of cathode materials on electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries[J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2024, 48(12): 2368-2373. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-087X.2024.12.006.

CHANG Y C, PENG C T, HUNG I M. Effects of particle size and carbon coating on electrochemical properties of LiFePO 4 /C prepared by hydrothermal method[J ] . Journal of Materials Science, 2014, 49(20): 6907-6916. DOI:10.1007/s10853-014-8395-9.

AHMADABADI V G, RAHMAN M M, CHEN Y. A study on high-rate performance of graphite nanostructures produced by ball milling as anode for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Micromachines, 2023, 14(1): DOI:10.3390/mi14010191.

JIN L M, ZHENG J S, WU Q, et al. Exploiting a hybrid lithium ion power source with a high energy density over 30 Wh/kg[J]. Materials Today Energy, 2018, 7: 51-57. DOI:10.1016/j.mtener. 2017.12.003.

LV S X, ZHANG X G, ZHANG P X, et al. One-step fabrication of nanosized LiFePO 4 /expanded graphite composites with a particle growth inhibitor and enhanced electrochemical performance of aqueous Li-ion capacitors[J ] . RSC Advances, 2019, 9(25): 14407-14416.

JEON S, LM S, KANG I, et al. Solution-based deep prelithiation for lithium-ion capacitors with high energy density[J]. Small, 2024, 20(30): 2401295. DOI:10.1002/smll.202401295.

陈雷, 杨光伟, 马千里, 等. LiMn 2 O 4 /AC质量比对混合超级电容器性能影响的研究[J ] . 汽车工艺与材料, 2015(7): 65-68.

CHEN L, YANG G W, MA Q L, et al. Study on the influence of LiMn 2 O 4 /AC mass ratio on the performance of hybrid supercapacitors[J ] . Automobile Technology & Material, 2015(7): 65-68.

JIANG C H, ZHAO J, WU H Q, et al. Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 /activated-carbon hybrid anodes prepared by in situ copolymerization and post-CO 2 activation for high power Li-ion capacitors[J ] . Journal of Power Sources, 2018, 401: 135-141. DOI:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2 018.08.103.

王岩松, 陈顺, 范国栋, 等. 微过充下三元镍钴铝锂离子电池的老化机理[J]. 电池, 2024, 54(2): 154-159. DOI:10.19535/j.1001-1579.2024.02.003.

WANG Y S, CHEN S, FAN G D, et al. Aging mechanism of ternary NCA Li-ion battery under slight overcharge[J]. Dianchi(Battery Bimonthly), 2024, 54(2): 154-159. DOI:10.19535/j.1001-1579.2024.02.003.

浏览量

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

不同负极材料对LiFePO4高功率储能器件循环性能的影响

4C快充锂离子电池的石墨负极和电解液设计

分子修饰对煤沥青基硬炭材料及其储钠性能的影响

低成本干法石墨厚电极的制备与性能研究

氮杂环导电高分子改性锂离子电池石墨负极材料