基于TPE贝叶斯算法的动力电池滴落接触式液冷流道优化

查云飞; 李周达; 韩丹丹; 弓栋梁; 薛伊诺

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0169

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基于TPE贝叶斯算法的动力电池滴落接触式液冷流道优化

储能系统与工程 | 更新时间：2026-08-26

- 基于TPE贝叶斯算法的动力电池滴落接触式液冷流道优化
- Flow channel optimization for drop-contact liquid cooling of power batteries based on the TPE bayesian algorithm
- 储能科学与技术 2026年15卷第8期页码：3153-3171
- 作者机构：
  
  1.福建理工大学，福建福州 350118
  2.福建省汽车电子与电驱动技术重点实验室，福建福州 350118
- 作者简介：
  
  查云飞（1981—），男，博士，教授，研究方向为电动汽车电池热管理，E-mail：fei244@163.com；
  弓栋梁，讲师，研究方向为电动汽车电池管理系统关键状态估计，E-mail：toto2008@126.com。
- 基金信息：
  
  福建省自然科学基金面上项目(2024J01824);福建理工大学科研启动基金项目(GY-Z23206)
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0169
  中图分类号： TM 912
- 收稿：2026-02-26，
  
  修回：2026-04-09，
  
  网络首发：2026-08-26，
  
  纸质出版：2026-08-28
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
查云飞, 李周达, 韩丹丹, 等. 基于TPE贝叶斯算法的动力电池滴落接触式液冷流道优化[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(8): 3153-3171.

ZHA Yunfei, LI Zhouda, HAN Dandan, et al. Flow channel optimization for drop-contact liquid cooling of power batteries based on the TPE bayesian algorithm[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(8): 3153-3171.
查云飞, 李周达, 韩丹丹, 等. 基于TPE贝叶斯算法的动力电池滴落接触式液冷流道优化[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(8): 3153-3171. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0169.

ZHA Yunfei, LI Zhouda, HAN Dandan, et al. Flow channel optimization for drop-contact liquid cooling of power batteries based on the TPE bayesian algorithm[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(8): 3153-3171. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0169.

摘要

针对大模组动力电池滴落接触式液冷系统中长供液流道压降累积导致的孔间流量失配问题，提出一种基于树状帕森估计（TPE）贝叶斯算法的变结构流道优化方法。建立一维流体网络/热-电耦合模型，通过定水头溢流稳压试验标定低雷诺数条件下滴落孔流量系数

https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=116264212&type=

https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=116264234&type=

3.47133350

3.30200005

与雷诺数

https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=116264252&type=

https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=116264222&type=

4.06400013

2.37066650

的关系，拟合模型判定系数

https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=116264254&type=

https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=116264253&type=

3.47133350

2.53999996

均大于0.97；水力模型验证中，代表孔位流量仿真值与实验值的相对误差均控制在5%以内，说明模型能够较准确描述微压头条件下沿程阻力与孔口节流的耦合分配过程。针对分段数、分段边界和分段孔径耦合变化的优化问题，将设计变量组织为树状条件参数空间，并引入离散孔径投影、整数孔位修正、孔径单调补偿约束和工程可制造性筛选准则，形成多孔流道变结构优化流程。结果表明，在预设的1.2~1.8 mm离散孔径约束下，纵向单侧供液54孔方案受长流道压降累积限制，低流量端最差不均匀度为6.18%，难以满足小于5%的工程约束；将孔径搜索范围扩展至1.0~2.0 mm后，纵向方案虽可通过统一1.0 mm小孔将最大平均流量不均匀度降至4.86%，但会增加堵塞风险、加工误差敏感性和泵压需求。横向单侧供液42孔方案优化后收敛为1.4(1-12孔)-1.5(13-26孔)-1.6(27-42孔) mm三段式递增孔径结构，全流量范围内最大不均匀度为4.96%，常用流量段约为2.80%。与遗传算法和粒子群算法相比，TPE在相同评价预算下成功率达到100%，平均首次获得可行解所需评价次数为32.8次，表现出较好的搜索稳定性和样本利用效率。

https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=116264240&type=

https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=116264225&type=

4.74133301

2.45533323

恒流放电工况下，优选方案将电池包最高温度控制在37.5℃以下，最大温差为0.65℃；动态电流-流量边界验证中，温度最大相对误差为4.92%，测点孔位累计出流量最大相对误差为4.55%，动态代表流量点实验最大不均匀度为3.49%，实验最大电池间温差为1.56℃。结果说明，横向短流道与分段孔径补偿设计能够兼顾流量均匀性、热均匀性和制造可实现性。

Abstract

This study proposes a variable-structure flow channel optimization method based on the tree-structured Parzen estimator (TPE) Bayesian algorithm to reduce flow maldistribution caused by pressure-drop accumulation in the long supply channels of large-format battery modules with drop-contact liquid cooling. A one-dimensional fluid network/thermoelectric coupled model was established

and constant-head overflow stabilization tests were performed to calibrate the relationship between the drop-hole discharge coefficient and the Reynolds number. The fitted models yielded coefficients of determination

0.97

and the relative errors between simulated and measured flow rates at representative holes were within 5%

indicating that the model can describe the coupled distribution process of channel pressure drop and orifice throttling under micro-pressure-head conditions. The optimization variables including segment number

boundary

and aperture were formulated as a tree-structured conditional parameter space. To support manufactural design

discrete-aperture projection

integer-hole correction

monotonic aperture compensation

and screening rules were incorporated into the optimization process. Under the preset discrete aperture range of 1.2—1.8 mm

the longitudinal single-sided 54-hole scheme was constrained by cumulative pressure drop and exhibited a worst-case non

uniformity of 6.18%

exceeding the engineering limit of 5%. When the aperture search range was extended to 1—2 mm

a uniform 1.0 mm aperture reduced the maximum average flow nonuniformity to 4.86%

but at the cost of greater clogging risk

greater sensitivity to manufacturing error

and increased pump pressure demand. The optimized transverse single-sided 42-hole scheme converged to a three-stage increasing-aperture design: 1.4 mm for holes 1—12

1.5 mm for holes 13—26

and 1.6 mm for holes 27—42. This configuration achieved a maximum nonuniformity of 4.96% over the full flow range and 2.80% in the commonly used operating range. TPE achieved a 100% success rate subject to the same evaluation budget and required 32.8 evaluations on average to obtain the first feasible solution

showing better search stability and sample efficiency than the genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization. Under constant-current discharge (

https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=116264228&type=

https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=116264227&type=

5.50333309

2.87866688

)

the optimized scheme kept the maximum battery pack temperature below 37.5℃ and limited the maximum temperature difference to 0.65℃. Under dynamic current-flow conditions

the maximum relative temperature error was 4.92%

the maximum relative error in cumulative outflow at measured holes was 4.55%

the maximum nonuniformity at representative dynamic flow points was 3.49%

and the maximum intercell temperature difference was 1.56℃. Overall

the segmented transverse short-channel design with aperture compensation bala

nces flow uniformity

thermal uniformity

and manufacturability.

关键词

Keywords

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