锂离子电容器关键材料与器件技术研究进展

李莎妮; 王凯; 马衍伟

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0165

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锂离子电容器关键材料与器件技术研究进展

超级电容器关键材料与器件专刊 | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- 锂离子电容器关键材料与器件技术研究进展
- Research progress of key materials and device technology for lithium ion capacitor
- 储能科学与技术 2026年15卷第5期页码：1824-1847
- 作者机构：
  
  1.高密度电磁动力与系统全国重点实验室，中国科学院电工研究所，北京 100190
  2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
  3.电气工程与先进电磁驱动技术研究所，山东济南 250013
- 作者简介：
  
  李莎妮（1998—），女，博士研究生，主要从事锂离子电容器负极材料研究，E-mail：lishani@mail.iee.ac.cn；
  王凯，研究员，主要从事能源材料研究，E-mail：wangkai@mail.iee.ac.cn
  马衍伟，研究员，主要从事能源材料研究，E-mail：ywma@mail.iee.ac.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  北京市自然科学基金(Z230018);国家自然科学基金(52207250;52377218)
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0165
  中图分类号： TQ 15
- 收稿：2026-02-25，
  
  修回：2026-04-13，
  
  纸质出版：2026-05-28
- 稿件说明：
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李莎妮, 王凯, 马衍伟. 锂离子电容器关键材料与器件技术研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(5): 1824-1847.

LI Shani, WANG Kai, MA Yanwei. Research progress of key materials and device technology for lithium ion capacitor[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(5): 1824-1847.
李莎妮, 王凯, 马衍伟. 锂离子电容器关键材料与器件技术研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(5): 1824-1847. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0165.

LI Shani, WANG Kai, MA Yanwei. Research progress of key materials and device technology for lithium ion capacitor[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(5): 1824-1847. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0165.

摘要

锂离子电容器是一种介于传统双电层电容器和锂离子电池之间的新型混合储能器件，兼具高功率密度、高能量密度、超长循环寿命、宽温适应性及低安全风险等优势，在风力变桨、轨道交通与汽车制动能量回收、电力调频及电磁弹射装备等领域具有重要应用前景。然而，该器件中电池型负极与电容型正极之间存在的热力学特性差异及动力学速率不匹配问题，严重制约了其能量密度与循环稳定性。同时，为匹配正负极差异化的电荷存储机制，电解液需兼具良好的正负极兼容性、电化学稳定性以及高效的锂离子传导能力，这一严苛要求限制了锂离子电容器综合性能的突破。近年来，该领域在电极材料改性、电解质优化与器件关键技术等方面取得一系列突破，协同提升了功率密度与能量密度。区别于现有综述多聚焦于单一材料体系改进的局限，本文以界面兼容与动力学匹配为切入点，系统梳理了锂离子电容器核心材料与关键技术的研究进展，揭示了各组件协同作用机制，分析了不同技术路径对器件性能的影响。综合分析表明，优化材料结构、改善界面兼容性及调控动力学匹配性是提升器件综合性能的关键。同时还展望了其研究前沿与产业趋势，为该技术规模化应用提供理论与技术参考。

Abstract

Lithium-ion capacitor is a new hybrid energy storage device which lies between traditional double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). They integrate the advantages of high power density

high energy density

ultra-long cycle life

wide temperature adaptability and low safety risks

thus holding important application prospects in fields such as wind turbine pitch control

energy recovery from rail transit and automobile braking

power frequency regulation

and electromagnetic ejection equipment. However

the thermodynamic characteristic differences and kinetic rate mismatch between the battery-type anode and capacitor-type cathode in such devices have severely restricted the further improvement of their energy density and cycling stability. Meanwhile

to match the differentiated charge storage mechanisms of the anode and cathode

the electrolyte is required to simultaneously possess excellent electrochemical stability

good anode-cathode compatibility and high-efficiency lithium-ion conductivity; this stringent requirement has further limited the breakthrough in the comprehensive performance of LICs. In recent years

a series of breakthroughs have been achieved in this field regarding electrode material modification

electrolyte optimization and key device technologies

which have jointly promoted the improvement of power density and energy density of LICs. Distinguished from existing reviews that predominantly focus on single-material system improvements

this study adopts interface compatibility and kinetic matching as key analytical approaches. It systematically reviews research progress in core materials and key technologies for lithium-ion capacitors

elucidates synergistic mechanisms among component elements

and evaluates the impact of diverse technical pathways on device performance. Comprehensive analysis demonstrates that optimizing material structures

enhancing interfacial compatibility

and regulating kinetic matching are critical for improving overall device performance. Additionally

the study outlines emerging research frontiers and industrial trends

providing theoretical and technical references for large-scale application of this technology.

关键词

Keywords

references

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