金属硒化物材料及其在超级电容器中的应用

谷相宜; 李文丽; 康宸溪; 胡毓茗; 吕建国

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0159

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金属硒化物材料及其在超级电容器中的应用

超级电容器关键材料与器件专刊 | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- 金属硒化物材料及其在超级电容器中的应用
- Metal selenide materials for applications in supercapacitors
- 储能科学与技术 2026年15卷第5期页码：1878-1898
- 作者机构：
  
  浙江大学材料科学与工程学院，硅及先进半导体材料全国重点实验室，浙江杭州 310058
- 作者简介：
  
  谷相宜（2002—），女，博士研究生，研究方向为新型电化学储能材料与器件，E-mail：gxysince2023@zju.edu.cn；
  吕建国，副研究员，研究方向为新型能源与电子信息，E-mail：lujianguo@zju.edu.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  浙江省“尖兵领雁+X”研发攻关计划(批2024C01056)
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0159
  中图分类号： TB 31
- 收稿：2026-02-14，
  
  修回：2026-03-17，
  
  纸质出版：2026-05-28
- 稿件说明：
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谷相宜, 李文丽, 康宸溪, 等. 金属硒化物材料及其在超级电容器中的应用[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(5): 1878-1898.

GU Xiangyi, LI Wenli, KANG Chenxi, et al. Metal selenide materials for applications in supercapacitors[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(5): 1878-1898.
谷相宜, 李文丽, 康宸溪, 等. 金属硒化物材料及其在超级电容器中的应用[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(5): 1878-1898. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0159.

GU Xiangyi, LI Wenli, KANG Chenxi, et al. Metal selenide materials for applications in supercapacitors[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(5): 1878-1898. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0159.

摘要

金属硒化物具有高本征电导率、可调的多层级结构以及丰富的氧化还原活性位点，近年来在超级电容器领域备受关注。这些独特特性使其成为继金属氧化物之后的新兴电极材料。本文综述了金属硒化物的晶体结构、电子特性和基本物理化学性质，介绍了热液法、溶热法、化学气相沉积、模板导向法等主要的硒化物合成技术。阐述了金属硒化物电化学储能特性，特别是在超级电容器中的储能机制，包括基于离子吸附/脱附的双电层电容行为以及由表面快速法拉第反应主导的赝电容行为。详细介绍了典型的单金属硒化物与双金属硒化物的电化学性能，及其在超级电容器中的应用；归纳了提升电化学性能的改性策略，包括复合改性、形貌工程和界面工程等策略。尽管金属硒化物在能量密度和功率密度方面展现出显著优势，但仍面临体积膨胀、活性物质溶解及成本较高等挑战。未来研究需聚焦于材料设计、机理解析以及器件集成等方面，以推动金属硒化物基超级电容器的实际应用。

Abstract

Metal selenides have recently attracted considerable interest as advanced electrode materials for supercapacitors owing to their high intrinsic conductivity

tunable multilevel architectures

and abundant redox-active sites. These characteristics position them as a promising class of electrode materials following metal oxides. This review provides an overview of the crystal structures

electronic properties

and fundamental physicochemical characteristics of metal selenides and introduces major synthesis techniques

including hydrothermal

solvothermal

chemical vapor deposition

and template-directed methods. The electrochemical energy storage behavior of metal selenides is discussed in detail

particularly their storage mechanisms in supercapacitors

encompassing electric double-layer capacitive behavior based on ion adsorption/desorption and pseudocapacitive behavior dominated by rapid surface faradaic reactions. The electrochemical performance of typical single-metal selenides and bimetallic selenides is examined

along with their supercapacitor applications. Modification strategies for enhancing electrochemical performance are also summarized

including composite modification

morphology engineering

and interface engineering. Despite their significant advantages in energy density and power density

metal selenides still face challenges such as volume expansion

active material dissolution

and high cost. Future research should focus on material design

mechanistic analysis

and device integration to advance the practical application of metal selenide-based supercapacitors.

关键词

Keywords

references

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