碳基超级电容器有机双阳离子电解液研究进展

张盼; 王轩; 阚可浩; 潘利; 李辉; 朱赵敏; 卜永锋

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0134

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碳基超级电容器有机双阳离子电解液研究进展

超级电容器关键材料与器件专刊 | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- 碳基超级电容器有机双阳离子电解液研究进展
- Progress on organic bication electrolytes for carbon-based supercapacitors
- 储能科学与技术 2026年15卷第5期页码：1947-1959
- 作者机构：
  
  1.江苏大学能源研究院
  2.江苏大学机械工程学院，江苏镇江 212013
- 作者简介：
  
  张盼（2000—），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为超级电容器电解质；E-mail：2212493003@stmail.ujs.edu.cn；
  卜永锋，副研究员，研究方向为超级电容器电解液、功能添加剂，E-mail：yfbu@ujs.edu.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(22379055)
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0134
  中图分类号： TM 538
- 收稿：2026-02-04，
  
  修回：2026-03-10，
  
  纸质出版：2026-05-28
- 稿件说明：
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张盼, 王轩, 阚可浩, 等. 碳基超级电容器有机双阳离子电解液研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(5): 1947-1959.

ZHANG Pan, WANG Xuan, KAN Kehao, et al. Progress on organic bication electrolytes for carbon-based supercapacitors[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(5): 1947-1959.
张盼, 王轩, 阚可浩, 等. 碳基超级电容器有机双阳离子电解液研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(5): 1947-1959. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0134.

ZHANG Pan, WANG Xuan, KAN Kehao, et al. Progress on organic bication electrolytes for carbon-based supercapacitors[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(5): 1947-1959. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0134.

摘要

电解液作为碳基超级电容器（SCs）离子输运的核心载体，决定着SCs容量、倍率、循环及安全等多项关键性能。传统有机单阳离子电解液在电压窗口、离子电导率、高低温适应性等方面尽管不断改进，但伴随着人类社会智能化，对下一代电解液的开发愈发迫切。“有机双阳离子电解液”凭借其独特的高电荷密度优势，展现出超越传统电解液的巨大潜力。本文针对有机双阳离子电解液，从侧/桥链长度、空间结构及电荷密度等角度系统地总结有机“混合双阳离子”（即有机阳离子间、有机阳离子与金属阳离子间）和“非混合双阳离子”（即哌嗪环、咪唑环、吡咯环等）电解液体系的研究进展，着重讨论其在电压窗口、比电容、工作温度等性能上的优势及相应机理。最后，归纳了当前研究不足及未来研究方向。总之，该综述为非混合有机双阳离子电解液的合理设计、电压窗口与离子传输等核心性能及空间效应/机制的认识，提供了框架及细节视角上的启示。

Abstract

Electrolytes

as the primary medium for ion transport in carbon-based supercapacitors (SCs)

govern key performance metrics such as capacitance

rate capability

cycling stability

and safety. Although traditional organic monocation electrolytes have seen steady improvements in potential window

ionic conductivity

and wide-temperature operability

the demand for next-generation electrolytes in the intelligent era is growing increasingly urgent. Organic bication electrolytes

owing to their distinctive structural advantages

show strong potential to outperform conventional systems. This review systematically surveys organic mixed bication systems (comprising combinations among organic cations and between organic and metal cations) and non-mixed bication systems (e.g.

piperazine-

imidazole-

and pyrrole-based) from the perspectives of composition and structural features

with emphasis on their advantages in potential window

specific capacitance

and operating temperature range

as well as the underlying mechanisms. We conclude by identifying current research gaps and outlining future directions. Overall

this review offers guidance for the rational design of non-mixed organic bication electrolytes and deepens understanding of key properties and mechanisms governing potential window and ion transport.

关键词

Keywords

references

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