基于非线性离子传输的超级电容器忆阻器的理论基础与研究前沿

唐培; 叶楚豪; 丘展才; 景鹏玮; 朱剑; 窦青云; 阎兴斌

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0113

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基于非线性离子传输的超级电容器忆阻器的理论基础与研究前沿

超级电容器关键材料与器件专刊 | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- 基于非线性离子传输的超级电容器忆阻器的理论基础与研究前沿
- Nonlinear ion transport in supercapacitor-memristors: Fundamentals and recent advances
- 储能科学与技术 2026年15卷第5期页码：1899-1920
- 作者机构：
  
  中山大学材料科学与工程学院，广东广州 510275
- 作者简介：
  
  唐培（1996—），男，博士研究生，研究方向为超级电容器离子计算元件的开发，E-mail：tangp27@mail2.sysu.edu.cn；
  阎兴斌，教授，研究方向为超级电容等，E-mail：yanxb3@mail.sysu.edu.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(22579193;22279166)
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0113
  中图分类号： TM 53
- 收稿：2026-02-02，
  
  修回：2026-03-04，
  
  纸质出版：2026-05-28
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
唐培, 叶楚豪, 丘展才, 等. 基于非线性离子传输的超级电容器忆阻器的理论基础与研究前沿[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(5): 1899-1920.

TANG Pei, YE Chuhao, JING Pengwei, et al. Nonlinear ion transport in supercapacitor-memristors: Fundamentals and recent advances[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(5): 1899-1920.
唐培, 叶楚豪, 丘展才, 等. 基于非线性离子传输的超级电容器忆阻器的理论基础与研究前沿[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(5): 1899-1920. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0113.

TANG Pei, YE Chuhao, JING Pengwei, et al. Nonlinear ion transport in supercapacitor-memristors: Fundamentals and recent advances[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(5): 1899-1920. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0113.

摘要

超级电容器作为高功率密度、快速充放电及长循环寿命的电化学储能器件，在能量缓冲、脉冲供能等场景中发挥着重要作用。然而，其较低的能量密度限制了其在持续性高能量需求场景中的应用。为拓展超级电容器的功能边界，研究范式正从性能优化转向多功能集成，推动其从被动的“储能元件”向主动的“功能平台”演进。基于“离子限域传输”机制的创新器件，首次将整流、开关等电路功能与电容储能相融合，标志着超级电容器研究进入了离子电子学的新阶段。与此同时，受生物神经启发的流体忆阻器为高能效神经形态计算提供了新路径。值得注意的是，超级电容器中的离子限域传输与流体忆阻器的非线性离子动力学在物理本质上高度相通，均源于离子在纳米受限环境中的选择性输运与弛豫行为。这一共性催生了“超级电容器忆阻器”这一前沿方向，旨在通过调控纳米限域空间内的离子非线性传输，在单一器件中实现储能与记忆功能的本质融合。本文首先系统梳理了超级电容器忆阻器从概念提出到功能实现的发展脉络，揭示了其从被动储能元件向主动智能功能平台的演进逻辑；在此基础上深入剖析了其核心物理机制，离子在纳米限域空间内的非线性传输与弛豫动力学；文章进一步总结了关键材料平台的“结构-性能”协同设计策略，同时指出了该领域在微观机理理解、器件稳定性及系统集成方面面临的挑战；最后，展望了其在神经形态计算、电容计算架构等前沿方向的潜力，为这一交叉领域的深入研究与应用探索提供了清晰的路线图。

Abstract

Supercapacitors are electrochemical energy storage devices characterized by high power density

rapid charge-discharge capability

and long cycle life

making them essential for applications such as energy buffering and pulsed power supply. However

their relatively low energy density limits their use in scenarios that demand sustained high-energy output. To address this limitation

the research paradigm has shifted from purely optimizing performance toward multifunctional integration

transforming supercapacitors from passive energy storage components into active functional platforms. Devices engineered around the principle of ion-confined transport have

for the first time

combined circuit-level functionalities such as rectification and switching with capacitive energy storage

bringing supercapacitor research into the domain of iontronics. In parallel

bio-inspired fluidic memristors have opened a promising route toward energy-efficient neuromorphic computing. Importantly

the ion-confined transport underlying supercapacitor behavior shares fundamental physical principles with the nonlinear ion dynamics governing fluidic memristors; both phenomena originate from selective ion transport and relaxation processes within nanoconfined environments. This overlap has given rise to a new research frontier

supercapacitor memristors

which seek to unify energy storage and memory functions in a single device through deliberate modulation of nonlinear ion transport in nanoconfined spaces. This review systematically traces the development of supercapacitor memristors from conceptual origins to functional realization

mapping their evolution from passive storage elements to intelligent functional platforms. It then examines the core physical mechanisms

specifically the nonlinear transport and relaxation dynamics of ions under nanoconfinement. Key structure-property design strategies for representative material platforms are summarized

and outstanding challenges related to microscopic mechanistic understanding

device stability

and system-level integration are identified. Finally

the article explores the potential of supercapacitor memristors in emerging areas including neuromorphic computing and capacitive computing architectures

outlining a roadmap for future research and practical application in this interdisciplinary field.

关键词

Keywords

references

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