重力补偿式水下压气储能性能分析

邹军武; 刘长春; 冷述栋; 董兆一; 周学志; 徐玉杰; 陈海生

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0111

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

重力补偿式水下压气储能性能分析

储热储冷多场景应用专刊 | 更新时间：2026-07-01

- 重力补偿式水下压气储能性能分析
- Performance analysis of gravity-compensated underwater compressed air energy storage
- 储能科学与技术 2026年15卷第3期页码：872-885
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国科学技术大学工程科学学院，安徽合肥 230026
  2.中国科学院工程热物理研究所，北京 100190
  3.中船船舶设计研究中心有限公司，山东青岛 266520
  4.内蒙古中电储能技术有限公司，内蒙古呼和浩特 010206
- 作者简介：
  
  邹军武（1998—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为压缩空气储能，E-mail：zoujunwu@iet.cn；
  刘长春，副研究员，研究方向为压缩空气储能、恒压压气储能、分布式供能等，E-mail：liuchangchun@iet.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(52206031);中国科协青年人才托举工程(2024-2026QNRC001);呼和浩特市基础研究和应用基础研究科技计划项目(2024-科技突围-高新-1)
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0111
  中图分类号： TK 02
- 收稿：2026-01-30，
  
  修回：2026-02-21，
  
  纸质出版：2026-03-28
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
邹军武, 刘长春, 冷述栋, 等. 重力补偿式水下压气储能性能分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(3): 872-885.

ZOU Junwu, LIU Changchun, LENG Shudong, et al. Performance analysis of gravity-compensated underwater compressed air energy storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(3): 872-885.
邹军武, 刘长春, 冷述栋, 等. 重力补偿式水下压气储能性能分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(3): 872-885. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0111.

ZOU Junwu, LIU Changchun, LENG Shudong, et al. Performance analysis of gravity-compensated underwater compressed air energy storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(3): 872-885. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0111.

摘要

水下压缩空气储能是一种极具发展潜力的长时大容量储能技术，对平滑可再生能源输出、促进海上新能源消纳具有重要价值。浅海区是海上可再生能源开发的重要区域，但因水深受限，使得浅海区水下压缩空气的储气压力受限，进而导致系统效率与储能密度偏低。为提升水下压缩空气储能系统的性能，本研究提出了一种重力补偿式水下压缩空气储能系统，并对其系统性能以及关键参数进行分析。首先，对所提出的重力补偿式水下恒压系统与无重力补偿的水下恒压系统进行了性能对比，结果表明二者的能量损失均主要来自压缩机、膨胀机和电机，该部分损失分别达到总㶲损的86.14%和84.32%；在储气袋最大承压为4 MPa条件下，通过配重补偿储气压力后，系统往返效率最大可达67.60%，比无配重时高2.67个百分点，储能密度可达3.98 kWh/m

，高于无配重时的3.20 kWh/m

。其次，探究了储气袋最大承压值、环境温度、压缩机等熵效率、膨胀机等熵效率等关键参数对系统性能的影响，分析表明，在设计的参数范围内，提高膨胀机等熵效率对系统往返效率的提升最为显著，提高储气袋最大承压值则对系统储能密度提升最为显著。本研究为浅海区水下压缩空气储能系统的设计与应用提供了技术参考。

Abstract

Underwater compressed air energy storage (UWCAES) represents a promising long-duration and large-capacity energy storage technology that plays a pivotal role in smoothing the output and facilitating the accommodation of offshore renewables. Shallow sea areas are critical for the development of offshore renewable energy; however

the limited water depth therein constrains the gas storage pressure

resulting in a low energy storage density. This study proposes a gravity-compensated UWCAES system and conducts a comprehensive analysis of its performance and key operating par

ameters. Firstly

a performance comparison was conducted between the proposed gravity-compensated underwater energy storage system and an underwater energy storage system without gravity compensation. The results indicate that the energy losses in both systems are primarily attributed to the compressors

expanders

and motors

accounting for 86.14% and 84.32% of the total exergy loss

respectively. Under the condition of a maximum pressure of 4 MPa for the air storage bag

after compensating the air storage pressure with counterweights

the maximum round-trip efficiency of the system can reach 67.60%

which is 2.67 percentage points higher than that without counterweights. The energy storage density can reach 3.98 kWh/m

surpassing the 3.20 kWh/m

achieved without counterweights. Secondly

the influence of key parameters such as the maximum pressure of the air storage bag

ambient temperature

compressor isentropic efficiency

and expander isentropic efficiency on the system performance was investigated. Analysis indicates that within the designed parameter range

improving the isentropic efficiency of the expander contributes most significantly to the enhancement of the system round-trip efficiency

while increasing the maximum pressure bearing capacity of the air storage bag exerts the most prominent effect on improving the system energy storage density. This study provides a technical reference for the design and application of underwater compressed air energy storage systems in shallow sea areas.

关键词

Keywords

references

IRENA. Renewable capacity statistics 2025[R]. Abu Dhabi, 2025.

ENASEL E, DUMITRASCU G. Storage solutions for renewable energy: A review[J]. Energy Nexus, 2025, 17: 100391. DOI:10. 1016/j.nexus.2025.100391.

HE F, SHORT M, CHEN Q K, et al. Integrating multi-timescale energy storage into net-zero electricity systems under evolving technologies and policy environment: Insights from the United Kingdom's case study[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2026, 352: 121076. DOI:10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121076.

陈海生, 李泓, 徐玉杰, 等. 2024年中国储能技术研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(6): 2149-2192.

CHEN H S, LI H, XU Y J, et al. Research progress on China's energy storage technology in 2024[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(6): 2149-2192.

ZHANG K, DENG J Q. A comprehensive review of compressed carbon dioxide energy storage: Foundations, developments, and applications[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2026, 148: 120301. DOI:10.1016/j.est.2025.120301.

赵朝成, 刘明, 倪广涛, 等. 耦合熔盐储热的补燃式压缩空气储能系统热力性能分析[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2025, 46(1): 42-50.

ZHAO C C, LIU M, NI G T, et al. Thermodynamic analysis on the afterburning-type compressed air energy storage system integrated with molten salt thermal storage[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2025, 46(1): 42-50.

HOUSSAINY S, JANBOZORGI M, KAVEHPOUR P. Performance of an isobaric hybrid compressed air energy storage system at minimum entropy generation[J]. Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 2020, 142(5): 052001. DOI:10.1115/1.4045931.

MAZLOUM Y, SAYAH H, NEMER M. Exergy analysis and exergoeconomic optimization of a constant-pressure adiabatic compressed air energy storage system[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2017, 14: 192-202. DOI:10.1016/j.est.2017.10.006.

BUDT M, WOLF D, SPAN R, et al. A review on compressed air energy storage: Basic principles, past milestones and recent developments[J]. Applied Energy, 2016, 170: 250-268. DOI:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.02.108.

张遥, 张依伦, 苏传奇, 等. 恒压压缩空气储能技术研究[J]. 热力发电, 2024, 53(9): 19-28. DOI:10.19666/j.rlfd.202404058.

ZHANG Y, ZHANG Y L, SU C Q, et al. Study on constant pressure compressed air energy storage technology[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2024, 53(9): 19-28. DOI:10.19666/j.rlfd.2024 04058.

CHEN X, LI Z H, WANG H N, et al. Analysis of hydro-thermodynamic performance based on underwater compressed air energy storage[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2025, 139: 118574. DOI:10.1016/j.est.2025.118574.

CUI Y, JIANG T, HOU H F. A novel isothermal compressed air energy storage system based on cooperative operation of two-stage liquid piston units[J]. Energies, 2025, 18(12): DOI:10.3390/en18123184.

ASSEGIE M A, SIRAM O, KALITA P, et al. Novel small-scale spring actuated scissor-jack assembled isobaric compressed air energy storage tank: Design analysis and simulation[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2024, 89: 111627. DOI:10.1016/j.est 2024. 111627.

XU W P, ZHAO P, WANG J F, et al. Comprehensive thermo-economic analysis of an isobaric compressed CO 2 energy storage system: Improvement of the thermodynamic pathway[J ] . Energy Conversion and Management, 2024, 322: 119088. DOI:10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119088.

ODUKOMAIYA A, KOKOU E, HUSSEIN Z, et al. Near-isothermal-isobaric compressed gas energy storage[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2017, 12: 276-287. DOI:10.1016/j.est.2017.05.014.

WANG H, TONG Z R, DONG X, et al. Design and energy saving analysis of a novel isobaric compressed air storage device in pneumatic systems[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2021, 38: 102614. DOI:10.1016/j.est.2021.102614.

ZHANG L G, XIE M N, YE K, et al. Compressed air energy storage based on variable-volume air storage: A review[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2025, 110: 115361. DOI:10.1016/j.est.2025.115361.

SEYMOUR R J. Ocean energy on-demand using underocean compressed air storage[C]//ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. San Diego, California, USA, 2009: 527-531. DOI:10.1115/OMAE2007-29515.

PIMM A, GARVEY S. Analysis of flexible fabric structures for large-scale subsea compressed air energy storage[J]. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2009, 181(1): 012049. DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/181/1/012049.

PIMM A J, GARVEY S D, DE JONG M. Design and testing of Energy Bags for underwater compressed air energy storage[J]. Energy, 2014, 66: 496-508. DOI:10.1016/j.energy.2013.12.010.

SU X, LIU C C, GUO D Z, et al. Experimental study on the characteristics of energy airbags for underwater compressed air energy storage[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2025, 118: 116283. DOI:10.1016/j.est.2025.116283.

REN X G, PENG W L, WANG Z, et al. Design of underwater compressed air flexible airbag energy storage device and experimental study of physical model in pool[J]. Energies, 2024, 17(14): DOI:10.3390/en17143478.

CHEUNG B C, CARRIVEAU R, TING D S K. Multi-objective optimization of an underwater compressed air energy storage system using genetic algorithm[J]. Energy, 2014, 74: 396-404. DOI:10.1016/j.energy.2014.07.005.

WANG Z W, TING D S K, CARRIVEAU R, et al. Design and thermodynamic analysis of a multi-level underwater compressed air energy storage system[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2016, 5: 203-211. DOI:10.1016/j.est.2016.01.002.

WANG Z W, XIONG W, TING D S K, et al. Comparison of underwater and underground CAES systems for integrating floating offshore wind farms[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2017, 14: 276-282. DOI:10.1016/j.est.2017.11.001.

LIU Z, DING J L, HUANG X Y, et al. Analysis of a hybrid heat and underwater compressed air energy storage system used at coastal areas[J]. Applied Energy, 2024, 354: 122142. DOI:10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.122142.

LIU Z, LIU X, YANG S J, et al. Assessment evaluation of a trigeneration system incorporated with an underwater compressed air energy storage[J]. Applied Energy, 2021, 303: 117648. DOI:10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117648.

LIU C C, SU X, YIN Z, et al. Experimental study on the feasibility of isobaric compressed air energy storage as wind power side energy storage[J]. Applied Energy, 2024, 364: 123129. DOI:10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.123129.

KARACA A E, DINCER I, NITEFOR M. A new renewable energy system integrated with compressed air energy storage and multistage desalination[J]. Energy, 2023, 268: 126723. DOI:10.1016/j.energy.2023.126723.

郭丁彰, 尹钊, 周学志, 等. 压缩空气储能系统储气装置研究现状与发展趋势[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(5): 1486-1493. DOI:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0356.

GUO D Z, YIN Z, ZHOU X Z, et al. Status and prospect of gas storage device in compressed air energy storage system[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(5): 1486-1493. DOI:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0356.

张娜, 林汝谋, 蔡睿贤. 压气机特性通用数学表达式[J]. 工程热物理学报, 1996(1): 21-24.

ZHANG N, LIN R M, CAI R X. General formulas for axial compressor performance estimation[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 1996(1): 21-24.

卢韶光, 林汝谋. 燃气透平稳态全工况特性通用模型[J]. 工程热物理学报, 1996(4): 404-407.

LU S G, LIN R M. Gas turbine steady-state design and off-design characteristic general model[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 1996(4): 404-407.

KIM T S, RO S T. The effect of gas turbine coolant modulation on the part load performance of combined cycle plants. Part 2: Combined cycle plant[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, 1997, 211(6): 453-459. DOI:10.1243/0957650981537348.

LEE J J, KANG D W, KIM T S. Development of a gas turbine performance analysis program and its application[J]. Energy, 2011, 36(8): 5274-5285. DOI:10.1016/j.energy.2011.06.032.

赵明智, 朱轶林, 胡东子, 等. 压缩二氧化碳储能系统热力学性能研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2025, 46(11): 3495-3505.

ZHAO M Z, ZHU Y L, HU D Z, et al. Thermodynamic performance analysis of compressed carbon dioxide energy storage systems[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2025, 46(11): 3495-3505.

YAN M D, LIU C C, LING H S, et al. Off-design performance of variable-speed compressed air energy storage system under different operation schemes[J]. Energy, 2025, 338: 138626. DOI:10.1016/j.energy.2025.138626.

浏览量

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

基于模糊PID算法的镁基固态储氢装置控制系统

多级梯度孔隙钙基热化学储能反应床结构优化

基于集成学习和分位数回归的锂离子电池寿命预测方法

壁面粗糙度对压缩空气储能大功率轴流空气透平性能影响研究

储能科学与工程本科生人才培养实践——以重庆大学为例