冰蓄冷系统制冰与融冰技术研究综述

张波; 瞿楠; 王文科; 荣金利; 刘糁; 张童; 何沐然; 李超; 童莉葛; 罗春欢

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0103

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

冰蓄冷系统制冰与融冰技术研究综述

储热储冷多场景应用专刊 | 更新时间：2026-07-01

- 冰蓄冷系统制冰与融冰技术研究综述
- Review on ice making and ice melt technology of ice storage system
- 储能科学与技术 2026年15卷第3期页码：1109-1118
- 作者机构：
  
  1.北京京能恒星能源科技有限公司，北京 100142
  2.北京科技大学能源与环境工程学院，北京 100083
  3.北京科技大学顺德创新学院，广东佛山 528399
- 作者简介：
  
  张波（1974—），男，硕士，工程师，研究方向为集中供冷方向，E-mail：13321138110@163.com；
  童莉葛，教授/博士生导师，研究方向为制冷与低温、新型储能技术，E-mail：tonglige@me.ustb.edu.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  广东省国际科技合作项目(2023A0505050157)
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0103
  中图分类号： TK 124
- 收稿：2026-01-31，
  
  修回：2026-03-05，
  
  纸质出版：2026-03-28
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
张波, 瞿楠, 王文科, 等. 冰蓄冷系统制冰与融冰技术研究综述[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(3): 1109-1118.

ZHANG Bo, QU Nan, WANG Wenke, et al. Review on ice making and ice melt technology of ice storage system[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(3): 1109-1118.
张波, 瞿楠, 王文科, 等. 冰蓄冷系统制冰与融冰技术研究综述[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(3): 1109-1118. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0103.

ZHANG Bo, QU Nan, WANG Wenke, et al. Review on ice making and ice melt technology of ice storage system[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(3): 1109-1118. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0103.

摘要

全球能源消耗持续增长，温室气体排放加剧，使得建筑领域面临巨大的节能减排压力。暖通空调系统作为建筑能耗的主要部分，在夏季高峰时段的用电负荷可占建筑总能耗的70%，对电网稳定运行构成严峻挑战。冰蓄冷技术作为一种高效的相变储能解决方案，其核心在于利用夜间低谷电力制冰蓄冷，在日间高峰时段融冰供冷，从而将电力负荷从峰值时段转移至谷值时段，有效缓解电力系统的峰谷差问题，并带来显著的经济效益与环境效益。本文立足于制冰储冷与融冰释冷技术，对主流技术路径进行了系统的梳理与比较。静态制冰结构简单但存在因冰层增厚导致热阻增大的效率瓶颈。动态制冰通过引入扰动生产冰浆以克服此缺陷。融冰技术主要聚焦于盘管系统，分为内融冰与外融冰两种模式，分析了其传热机制、性能差异及扰动的强化效果与副作用。本文对制冰与融冰技术进行了关联性的系统梳理与比较，深化了对盘管融冰过程中冰层破碎、密度反转与引入空气搅拌等扰动对融冰过程传热强化的物理机制与影响，为冰蓄冷系统的优化设计、运行策略制定及推广应用提供了重要的理论依据和工程参考价值。此外，本文进一步探讨了冰蓄冷系统作为优质柔性储能单元，在参与电网需求侧响应及虚拟电厂协同运行等方面的价值与应用前景。

Abstract

The continuous growth of global energy consumption and the intensification of greenhouse gas emissions have made the building sector a key battleground for energy conservation and emission reduction. As a core component of building energy consumption

HVAC (Heating

Ventilation and Air Conditioning) systems can account for up to 70% of total building energy consumption during peak summer electricity demand periods

not only increasing building operating costs but also posing a severe challenge to the stable operation of regional power grids. Ice storage technology

as an efficient phase change energy storage solution

utilizes off-peak electricity at night to produce and store ice

which is then melted during peak daytime hours to provide cooling

thereby achieving peak shaving and valley filling of power loads. This not only alleviates the pressure of peak-valley differences on the power grid but also reduces building operating costs and carbon emissions

offering significant economic and environmental benefits. This article systematically reviews and compares ice-making and ice-melting technologies. In terms of ice-making technology

static ice-making is widely used due to its simple structure and low equipment cost

but it faces the bottleneck of increased thermal resistance as the ice layer thickens

leading to decreasing ice-making efficiency over time. Dynamic ice-making

by introducing mechanical or fluid disturbance to produce ice slurry

effectively overcomes the shortcomings of static ice-making. Among these methods

the scraping method

with its high ice-making efficiency

stable ice slurry quality

and low operation and maintenance costs

has become the mainstream technical approach. In terms of ice-melting technology

coil-based systems represent the core application form

which are divided into internal melting and external melting modes: internal melting melts the ice layer from the inside out by introducing hot water or hot air into the coil

which is fast but prone to local overheating of the ice layer; external melting melts the ice layer through external fluid scouring

which is more uniform but has relatively lower heat transfer efficiency. In addition

the article deeply analyzes the heat transfer enhancement mechanisms of ice layer fragmentation

density inversion

and air stirring disturbance on the ice melting process

as well as potential side effects such as increased energy consumption. Through this review of ice-making and ice-melting technologies

this article deepens the understanding of the physical mechanisms in the coil ice melting process

providing an important theoretical basis and engineering reference for the optimization design

operation strategy formulation

and promotion of ice storage systems

which is of great significance for advancing energy conservation and emission reduction in the building sector. Furthermore

this paper explores the potential value and application prospects of ice storage systems as high-quality flexible energy storage units in participating in grid demand-side response and coordinated operation with virtual power plants

expanding the theoretical framework for their role in building a new power system.

关键词

Keywords

references

ALIZADEH M, SADRAMELI S M. Development of free cooling based ventilation technology for buildings: Thermal energy storage (TES) unit, performance enhancement techniques and design considerations-A review[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 58: 619-645. DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2015. 12.168.

KAUKO H, PINEL D, GRAABAK I, et al. Assessing the potential of seasonal thermal storage for local energy systems: Case study for a neighborhood in Norway[J]. Smart Energy, 2022, 6: 100075. DOI:10.1016/j.segy.2022.100075.

AKEIBER H, NEJAT P, MAJID M Z A, et al. A review on phase change material (PCM) for sustainable passive cooling in building envelopes[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 60: 1470-1497. DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2016.03.036.

DEVAUX P, FARID M M. Benefits of PCM underfloor heating with PCM wallboards for space heating in winter[J]. Applied Energy, 2017, 191: 593-602. DOI:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.01.060.

YOUNG B A, FALZONE G, WEI Z H, et al. Reduced-scale experiments to evaluate performance of composite building envelopes containing phase change materials[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 162: 584-595. DOI:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.11.160.

王楠, 高正浩, 蒋思宇, 等. 基于多时间尺度深度学习的商业建筑非侵入式负荷分解方法[J/OL]. 南方电网技术, 1-11[2025-12-22]. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/44.1643.TK.20250820.1551.008.

WANG N, GAO Z H, JIANG S Y, et al. Multi-time-scale deep learning method for commercial building non-intrusive load disaggregation[J/OL]. Southern Power System Technology, 1-11[2025-12-22]. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/44.1643.TK.20250820.15 51.008.

MOMENI M, ASKAR S, FARTAJ A. Thermal performance evaluation of a compact two-fluid finned heat exchanger integrated with cold latent heat energy storage[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2023, 230: 120815. DOI:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.120815.

RAHGOZAR S, DEHGHAN M, POURRAJABIAN A, et al. Economic feasibility of ice storage systems for office building applications: A climate sensitivity analysis[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2022, 45: 103712. DOI:10.1016/j.est.2021.103712.

曾浩然, 孙长富. 冰蓄冷在酒店项目中的应用及能耗分析[J]. 上海节能, 2022(12): 1613-1617. DOI:10.13770/j.cnki.issn2095-705x.2022.12.021.

ZENG H R, SUN C F. Application of ice storage in hotel projects and energy consumption analysis[J]. Shanghai Energy Conservation, 2022(12): 1613-1617. DOI:10.13770/j.cnki.issn2095-705x.2022.12.021.

XU Y F, MA X, HASSANIEN R H E, et al. Performance analysis of static ice refrigeration air conditioning system driven by household distributed photovoltaic energy system[J]. Solar Energy, 2017, 158: 147-160. DOI:10.1016/j.solener.2017.09.002.

ARCURI B, SPATARU C, BARRETT M. Evaluation of ice thermal energy storage (ITES) for commercial buildings in cities in Brazil[J]. Sustainable Cities and Society, 2017, 29: 178-192. DOI:10.1016/j.scs.2016.12.011.

吴庆, 王文武, 周奕昕, 等. 某电网办公楼冰蓄冷空调系统设计及经济性分析[J]. 安徽建筑, 2025, 32(5): 94-96.

WU Q, WANG W W, ZHOU Y X, et al. Design and economic analysis of ice storage air conditioning system in an office building of a power grid[J]. Anhui Architecture, 2025, 32(5): 94-96.

HOSEINI RAHDAR M, EMAMZADEH A, ATAEI A. A comparative study on PCM and ice thermal energy storage tank for air-conditioning systems in office buildings[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016, 96: 391-399. DOI:10.1016/j.applthermaleng. 2015.11.107.

SANAYE S, HEKMATIAN M. Ice thermal energy storage (ITES) for air-conditioning application in full and partial load operating modes[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2016, 66: 181-197. DOI:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2015.10.014.

CHONG L W, WONG Y W, RAJKUMAR R K, et al. Hybrid energy storage systems and control strategies for stand-alone renewable energy power systems[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 66: 174-189. DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2016.07.059.

LI G L, HAN Y H, LI M, et al. Study on matching characteristics of photovoltaic disturbance and refrigeration compressor in solar photovoltaic direct-drive air conditioning system[J]. Renewable Energy, 2021, 172: 1145-1153. DOI:10.1016/j.renene.2021.0 3.1 10.

董凯军, 冯自平, 郑瑞芸, 等. 冰浆潜热输送矿井空调设计及其经济分析[J]. 制冷与空调, 2011, 25(1): 1-6.

DONG K J, FENG Z P, ZHENG R Y, et al. Design and economic analysis of mine air-conditioning system using ice slurry for latent-heat transportation[J]. Refrigeration & Air Conditioning, 2011, 25(1): 1-6.

DU Q, CHEN M B, SONG W J, et al. Investigation on the evolution of ice particles and ice slurry flow characteristics during subcooling release[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2023, 209: 124008. DOI:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer. 2023.124008.

HU R, ZHANG C, ZHANG X L, et al. Research status of supercooled water ice making: A review[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2022, 347: 118334. DOI:10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118334.

孟欣宇, 张庆钢, 林华曦, 等. 冰浆技术及领域应用的研究进展[J]. 制冷, 2024, 43(6): 62-69. DOI:10.3969/J.ISSN.1005-9180.2024.06. 0014.

MENG X Y, ZHANG Q G, LIN H X, et al. Research progress of ice slurry technology and field application[J]. Refrigeration, 2024, 43(6): 62-69. DOI:10.3969/J.ISSN.1005-9180.2024.06.0014.

ZHENG P B, XIE J, LAN W Q. An effective way to preserve aquatic products: Slurry ice and its properties[J]. Food Research International, 2026, 229: 118516. DOI:10.1016/j.foodres.2026.11 8516.

GAO Y G, LUO J Q, FANG F, et al. On the stability of nanofluid ice slurry produced via impinging stream method under thermal and phase-change cycles[J ] . Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 2023, 52: 103725. DOI:10.1016/j.csite.2023.103725.

张尧康, 苏林, 董凯军, 等. RC318直接接触制冰特性实验研究[J]. 暖通空调, 2019, 49(6): 126-130.

ZHANG Y K, SU L, DONG K J, et al. Experimental study on ice slurry production using direct contact heat transfer of RC318 refrigerant and water[J]. Heating Ventilating & Air Conditioning, 2019, 49(6): 126-130.

黄河源, 范明升. 真空制冰的工作原理与选型设计[J]. 制冷与空调, 2017, 17(9): 83-86. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-8402.2017.09.021.

HUANG H Y, FAN M S. Vacuum ice works design and selection[J]. Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning, 2017, 17(9): 83-86. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-8402.2017.09.021.

TIAN B, WU Y M, WANG N B, et al. Experimental study of a direct-cooled supercooled water dynamic ice storage system: Stability and performance optimization[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2026, 146: 120119. DOI:10.1016/j.est.2025.120119.

禹承昆, 潘东风, 王浩, 等. 内融冰与外融冰结合的盘管式冰蓄冷系统设计[J]. 科技创新与应用, 2023, 13(13): 150-152, 156. DOI:10.19981/j.CN23-1581/G3.2023.13.035.

YU C K, PAN D F, WANG H, et al. Design of coil ice storage system combining internal melting with external melting[J]. Technology Innovation and Application, 2023, 13(13): 150-152, 156. DOI:10.19981/j.CN23-1581/G3.2023.13.035.

刘月琴, 张元明, 吕超, 等. 盘管式蓄冰槽传热性能研究综述[J]. 制冷与空调, 2020, 20(6): 68-72, 78.

LIU Y Q, ZHANG Y M, LV C, et al. A review for research on heat transfer performance of coiled ice storage tank[J]. Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning, 2020, 20(6): 68-72, 78.

SAMAH W, CLAIN P, RIOUAL F, et al. Investigation of ice detachment by a liquid jet on various submerged surfaces for the development of ice slurry generators without mechanical scraping[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2024, 236: 121463. DOI:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.121463.

KWASI-EFFAHA C C, OKPAKO O. Comprehensive review of emerging trends in thermal energy storage mechanisms, materials and applications[J]. Frontiers in Energy Research, 2025, 13: 1651471. DOI:10.3389/fenrg.2025.1651471.

GUO X X, XU X Y, WANG Z X, et al. Research progress on the performance enhancement technology of ice-on-coil energy storage[J]. Energies, 2025, 18(7): DOI:10.3390/en18071734.

DEKHIL M A, SIMO TALA J V, BULLIARD-SAURET O, et al. Numerical analysis of the performance enhancement of a latent heat storage shell and tube unit using finned tubes during melting and solidification[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2021, 192: 116866. DOI:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116866.

XU X Y, CHANG C, GUO X X, et al. Experimental and numerical study of the ice storage process and material properties of ice storage coils[J]. Energies, 2023, 16(14): DOI:10.3390/en1614 5511.

王绍宇, 杨艳霞, 刘海玉. 自然对流对竖直蓄冰盘管蓄冷-释冷循环过程的调控机制[J]. 农业工程学报, 2026, 42(1): 312-321.

WANG S Y, YANG Y X, LIU H Y. Regulatory mechanism of natural convection in the charging–discharging thermal cycle of a vertical ice-on-coil unit[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2026, 42(1): 312-321.

DING Z L, JIANG Z L, WANG J M, et al. The heat transfer enhancement of low temperature airflow foam effect in the ice storage charging process[J]. Energy and Buildings, 2019, 204: 109477. DOI:10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.109477.

刘江涛, 张波, 滕跃, 等. 北京市某商务区能源站蓄冰盘管腐蚀问题分析[J]. 节能, 2023, 42(6): 54-56. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-7948.2023.06.015.

LIU J T, ZHANG B, TENG Y, et al. Corrosion analysis of ice storage coil in an energy station of a business district in Beijing[J]. Energy Conservation, 2023, 42(6): 54-56. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-7948.2023.06.015.

YANG X, WANG Q Y, LIU Y, et al. Flow characteristics and heat-transfer enhancement of air agitation in ice storage air conditioning systems[J]. Energies, 2022, 15(16): DOI:10.3390/en15165918.

LIU Z X, ZHANG X, SONG M J, et al. Experimental study on heat transfer characteristics of ice melting processes under point-source bubble flows[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2024, 159: 108112. DOI:10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108112.

杨进学, 力乙轩. 亚洲金融大厦冰蓄冷系统设计及经济性分析[J]. 制冷与空调, 2021, 21(10): 1-6, 25.

YANG J X, LI Y X. Design and economic analysis of ice storage system in AFC[J]. Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning, 2021, 21(10): 1-6, 25.

张宁宇. 冰蓄冷系统在大型商业综合体的应用研究[J]. 中国房地产业, 2025(28): 126-129. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-8536.2025. 28.031.

ZHANG N Y. Research on the application of ice storage system in large commercial complex[J]. Real Estate Information of China, 2025(28): 126-129. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-8536.2025. 28.031.

滕跃, 刘钊, 王文科, 等. 冰蓄冷空调技术在电网调峰中的应用[J]. 科技创新与应用, 2023, 13(12): 166-169. DOI:10.19981/j.CN23-1581/G3.2023.12.039.

TENG Y, LIU Z, WANG W K, et al. Application of ice storage air conditioning technology in peak regulation of power grid[J]. Technology Innovation and Application, 2023, 13(12): 166-169. DOI:10.19981/j.CN23-1581/G3.2023.12.039.

陈东文, 刘育权, 李勇, 等. 用于削减工业园区用电功率峰值的蓄冷空调系统的规划建模与优化[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2017, 37(6): 94-100.

CHEN D W, LIU Y Q, LI Y, et al. Planning, modeling and optimizing of cold-storage air-conditioning system for reducing peak load of industrial park[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2017, 37(6): 94-100.

欧阳娟娟, 许杰. 高效冰蓄冷系统在某专业足球场项目的应用[J]. 制冷, 2025, 44(4): 27-35. DOI:10.3969/J.ISSN.1005-9180.2025.04. 0007.

OUYANG J J, XU J. The application of high-efficiency ice storage and cooling system in a professional football stadium project[J]. Refrigeration, 2025, 44(4): 27-35. DOI:10.3969/J.ISSN.1005-9180.2025.04.0007.

乔鹏龙, 孙育英, 逄秀锋, 等. 冰蓄冷系统参与虚拟电厂日前调度的优化方法与应用潜力研究[J]. 暖通空调, 2025, 55(S1): 112-118.

QIAO P L, SUN Y Y, PANG X F, et al. Optimization method and application potential of ice storage system participating in virtual power plant day-ahead dispatching[J]. Heating Ventilating & Air Conditioning, 2025, 55(S1): 112-118.

米增强, 张文彦, 贾雨龙. 柔性负荷虚拟电厂下冰蓄冷空调的优化控制策略[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2018, 38(11): 15-20, 27. DOI:10.16081/j.issn.1006-6047.2018.11.003.

MI Z Q, ZHANG W Y, JIA Y L. Optimal control strategy of ice storage air conditioning under flexible load virtual power plant[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2018, 38(11): 15-20, 27. DOI:10.16081/j.issn.1006-6047.2018.11.003.

王奎, 余梦, 张海静, 等. 面向光伏消纳和冰蓄冷空调群低碳需求响应的新型配电系统多时间尺度优化策略[J]. 发电技术, 2025, 46(2): 284-295. DOI:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.24096.

WANG K, YU M, ZHANG H J, et al. Multi-time scale optimization strategy for new distribution system oriented to photovoltaic consumption and low carbon demand response of ice storage air conditioning groups[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2025, 46(2): 284-295. DOI:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.24096.

浏览量

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

新能源低碳背景下电动汽车电热相变储能系统的储热性能分析

碳基纳米石蜡复合相变储能材料制备与性能研究

相变储能材料在节能建筑设计中的应用

超低温-高温跨温区相变材料制备及物性调控综述

数据中心用壳管式相变储能换热器的储能特性