新能源锂离子电池热失控性能研究

吕媛媛; 洪颖; 丁斌; 田宏锦

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1162

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新能源锂离子电池热失控性能研究

储能材料与器件 | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- 新能源锂离子电池热失控性能研究
- Investigation on the thermal runaway performance of new energy lithium-ion cells
- 储能科学与技术 2026年15卷第2期页码：391-397
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中华人民共和国吴江海关国家动力及储能电池产品检测重点实验室，江苏苏州 215200
  2.中华人民共和国南京南京海关工业产品检测中心，江苏南京 210019
  3.中华人民共和国宁波海关技术中心，浙江宁波 315012
- 作者简介：
  
  吕媛媛（1984—），女，博士，高级工程师，研究方向为储能产品性能与安全，E-mail：lyy-bbg@163.com。
- 基金信息：
  
  南京海关科研项目基金支持(2024KJ32);海关总署科研项目基金支持(2020HK243)
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1162
  中图分类号： TM 912.9
- 收稿：2025-12-10，
  
  修回：2025-12-26，
  
  纸质出版：2026-02-28
- 稿件说明：
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吕媛媛, 洪颖, 丁斌, 等. 新能源锂离子电池热失控性能研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(2): 391-397.

LV Yuanyuan, HONG Ying, DING Bin, et al. Investigation on the thermal runaway performance of new energy lithium-ion cells[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(2): 391-397.
吕媛媛, 洪颖, 丁斌, 等. 新能源锂离子电池热失控性能研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(2): 391-397. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1162.

LV Yuanyuan, HONG Ying, DING Bin, et al. Investigation on the thermal runaway performance of new energy lithium-ion cells[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(2): 391-397. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1162.

摘要

在“双碳”目标驱使下，锂电池更广泛地应用在储能电站、电力以及新能源汽车等领域，然而其存在的热失控风险严重威胁设备和人身安全。因此，对锂电池的安全特性特别是热失控进行研究具有重要的理论和应用价值。本研究以三元圆柱形锂离子电池(正极材料LiNi

，负极石墨)作为研究对象，采用充放电设备、电化学阻抗、脉冲功率、绝热失控等表征手段，开展了电化学基本性能和绝热热失控危险性研究，研究了锂电池在不同寿命状态的电化学基本性能，明晰了锂电池在不同荷电状态的下绝热热失控规律。结果显示，经过充放电循环后的锂离子电池的外在表现为有效输出容量的降低，内部则为电极副反应增多，极化逐渐增加，锂离子电池的离子传导效率逐渐减小，导致电池内阻上升，自身稳定性降低；揭示了锂离子电池的阻抗随着充放电循环次数增加而增大，特别是电荷转移阻抗显著增大，并导致电池极化增加，但是其增大到一定值趋于平缓；明晰了锂离子电池热失控危险性随着荷电状态的升高而增加。最后对锂离子电池的使用和运输提出几点建议。

Abstract

Driven by the "dual carbon" goals

lithium batteries are more widely used in energy storage power stations

electric power

new energy vehicles

and other fields. However

their inherent risk of thermal runaway poses a serious threat to equipment and personal safety. Therefore

the research on the safety characteristics of lithium batteries

especially thermal runaway

holds significant theoretical and practical value. This study focuses on ternary cylindrical lithium-ion batteries (cathode material: LiNi

anode: graphite). Utilizing characterization methods such as charge-discharge equipment

electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

pulse power

and adiabatic runaway

it was conducted research on the basic electrochemical performance and the risk of adiabatic thermal runaway. It was investigated the basic electrochemical performance of lithium batteries at different states of life and clarified the pattern of adiabatic thermal runaway at different states of charge. The results indicate that after charge-discharge cycling

the external manifestation of lithium-ion batteries is a decrease in effective output capacity

while internally

there is an increase in electrode side reactions

gradual polarization

and a gradual decrease in ion conduction efficiency of the lithium-ion battery

leading to an increase in internal resistance and a decrease in self-stability. It reveals that the impedance of lithium-ion batteries increases with the number of charge-discharge cycles

especially the charge transfer impedance

which significantly increases and leads to increased battery polarization

but it tends to level off after increasing to a certain value. It also clarifies that the risk of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries increases with the increase in state of charge. Finally

several suggestions are provided for the use and transportation of lithium-ion batteries.

关键词

Keywords

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