高稳定性锂金属负极设计与开发

崔言明; 钱瑶; 赵炎春; 黄园桥; 陈施威; 林久

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0977

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高稳定性锂金属负极设计与开发

超越500 Wh/kg的电池专栏 | 更新时间：2026-04-29

- 高稳定性锂金属负极设计与开发
- Design and development of high-stability lithium metal anodes
- 储能科学与技术 2026年15卷第4期页码：1502-1510
- 作者机构：
  
  1.浙江锋锂新能源科技有限公司，浙江宁波 315201
  2.江西赣锋锂业集团股份有限公司，江西新余 338000
- 作者简介：
  
  崔言明（1986—），男，博士，正高级工程师，主要研究方向为锂金属负极、高能量密度锂电池与全固态锂电池，E-mail：cuiyanming@ganfengbattery.com；
  林久，博士，正高级工程师，主要研究方向为高安全性、高比能锂电池及特种电源，E-mail：linjiu@ganfenglithium.com。
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0977
  中图分类号： TM 912
- 收稿：2025-11-03，
  
  修回：2025-12-04，
  
  纸质出版：2026-04-28
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
崔言明, 钱瑶, 赵炎春, 等. 高稳定性锂金属负极设计与开发[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(4): 1502-1510.

CUI Yanming, QIAN Yao, ZHAO Yanchun, et al. Design and development of high-stability lithium metal anodes[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(4): 1502-1510.
崔言明, 钱瑶, 赵炎春, 等. 高稳定性锂金属负极设计与开发[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(4): 1502-1510. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0977.

CUI Yanming, QIAN Yao, ZHAO Yanchun, et al. Design and development of high-stability lithium metal anodes[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(4): 1502-1510. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0977.

摘要

锂金属负极具有极高的比容量，是高能量密度锂二次电池的重要选择，然而安全性问题严重阻碍了其实际应用。由于锂金属负极的产热量显著高于电池其他组分，其热安全性能的提升是决定锂金属电池整体安全性的关键。因此，本研究开发了一种具有优异稳定性与安全性，且适用于规模化生产的超薄(20 μm)锂锌合金负极材料(Li

0.7

0.3

)。研究发现，新型锂合金材料在有机溶剂中浸泡30 d可保持稳定，且与水接触后不会发生爆燃，解决了纯锂(Li)遇水起火的问题。Li

0.7

0.3

||Cu半电池在60℃下贮存30 d后，测得其脱锂量仍高达新鲜负极的98.5%，表

明界面副反应得到有效抑制。差示扫描量热法(DSC)测试显示，新型锂合金材料在循环30圈后(100% SOC)表现出远优于纯锂的热稳定性，有望显著提升电池的安全性。软包电池的绝热加速量热(ARC)测试表明，使用合金材料替代纯锂后，热失控触发温度(

)由177.8℃提升至216.5℃，热失控最高温度(

)由1940.0℃降低至1191.5℃。尤为突出的是，本工作基于合金负极制备了具有高容量(53.60 Ah)和高能量密度(509.25 Wh/kg)的软包电池，并实现了120次稳定循环。综上，本研究成功开发了一种低成本、易制备的高安全性Li

0.7

0.3

合金负极，显著提高了锂金属电池的安全性能，为推动锂负极电池加快实现产业化和应用提供关键技术支撑。

Abstract

Although lithium metal anodes possess exceptionally high specific capacity and are ideal for high-energy-density rechargeable lithium batteries

safety concerns have hindered their practical application. Because their heat release significantly surpasses that of other battery components

improving the thermal safety of lithium metal anodes is crucial to overall safety of lithium-metal batteries. This study develops an ultrathin (20 μm) Li-Zn (Li

0.7

0.3

) alloy anode suitable for large-scale production. The as-prepared Li

0.7

0.3

exhibits exceptional stability and superior safety. It remains stable after 30 days in organic solvents and does not ignite upon water contact

eliminating the fire risk of pure lithium (Li). After storage at 60℃ for 30 days

the Li

0.7

0.3

||Cu half-cell retains 98.5% of the initial delithiation capacity

indicating suppressed interfacial side reactions. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests demonstrates superior thermal stability of this alloy anode relative to pure Li after 30 cycles at 100% SOC

significantly enhancing battery safety. Adiabatic rate calorimetry (ARC) tests on pouch cells show that replacing pure Li with the alloy raises the thermal runaway trigger temperature (

) from 177.8℃ to 216.5℃ while reducing the maximum temperatures (

) during thermal runaway from 1940.0℃ to 1191.5℃. A high-capacity (53.60 Ah) pouch cell using this alloy anode delivers a high energy density of

509.25 Wh/kg and maintains stable cycling over 120 cycles. Collectively

this low-cost

easily prepared Li

0.7

0.3

alloy with inherently high safety markedly elevates lithium metal battery safety and furnishes critical technical groundwork for their industrial deployment.

关键词

Keywords

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