Investigation on material optimization of hybrid lithium-ion capacitor based on LFP/AC composite cathode

ZHANG Yuman; YANG Chongyang; XIA Hengheng

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0176

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Investigation on material optimization of hybrid lithium-ion capacitor based on LFP/AC composite cathode

Special Issue of Key Materials and Devices of Supercapacitors | 更新时间：2026-07-01

- Investigation on material optimization of hybrid lithium-ion capacitor based on LFP/AC composite cathode
- Energy Storage Science and Technology Vol. 15, Issue 5, Pages: 1626-1639(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.上海奥威科技开发有限公司，上海 201203
  2.国家车用超级电容器系统工程技术研究中心，上海 201203
  3.上海大学理学院，上海 200444
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0176
  CLC： TM 911
- Received：28 February 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-03-31，
  
  Published：28 May 2026
- 稿件说明：
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张玉曼, 杨重阳, 夏恒恒. 基于LFP/AC复配正极的混合型锂离子电容器材料优化[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(5): 1626-1639.

ZHANG Yuman, YANG Chongyang, XIA Hengheng. Investigation on material optimization of hybrid lithium-ion capacitor based on LFP/AC composite cathode[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(5): 1626-1639.
张玉曼, 杨重阳, 夏恒恒. 基于LFP/AC复配正极的混合型锂离子电容器材料优化[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(5): 1626-1639. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0176.

ZHANG Yuman, YANG Chongyang, XIA Hengheng. Investigation on material optimization of hybrid lithium-ion capacitor based on LFP/AC composite cathode[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(5): 1626-1639. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0176.

摘要

混合型锂离子电容器（HyLICs）兼具高能量密度、高倍率性能以及长循环寿命等优点，是近年来短时高频储能领域的研究热点。磷酸铁锂（LiFePO

，LFP）作为低成本、长寿命的电池材料，是参与构筑HyLICs复配正极的极佳选择。以LFP/AC复配正极为基础，探究石墨、硬炭（HC）两种负极体系在HyLICs电性能测试过程中的性能差异和电位变化，并对循环后的电极进行表征。结果证实，相较于石墨，硬炭表现出优异的倍率、循环性能以及更快的离子扩散动力学特性；石墨负极体系，循环会引起负极电位过低，诱发锂枝晶现象并造成负极严重损伤；而硬炭负极体系虽会引起正极电位升高，但并未对正极结构产生影响。在（LFP/AC）||HC（AC为活性炭）体系下，进一步对三款代表性商业化LFP材料进行测评并选出性能最佳的LFP-3，其参与构筑的HyLICs基于正负极活性物质的能量密度为183.5 Wh/kg、功率密度为10.4 kW/kg，倍率性能为94.5%@30C、83.7%@60C，9C循环9000次后容量保持率高达86.5%。本工作不仅系统性地探究了LFP基HyLICs在不同负极体系下的电性能差异与电位变化，更为商业化高功率、长寿命HyLICs的开发提供了理论支撑和实验依据。

Abstract

Hybrid Li-ion capacitors (HyLICs)

combining high energy density

high-rate performance

and long cycle life

have recently emerged as a research h

otspot in the field of new energy storage. Owing to its cost-effectiveness and long cycle life

lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO

LFP) is the preferred battery material for constructing hybrid cathodes in HyLICs. Employing LFP/activated carbon (AC) composite cathodes

the potential variations of graphite and hard carbon (HC) anode systems during the electrochemical testing of HyLICs are investigated

after which the cycled electrodes were characterized. The results confirm that HC exhibits an excellent rate

cycling performance

and faster ion-diffusion kinetics compared with graphite. Moreover

the graphite anode system suffers from excessively low anode potentials during cycling

and this induces Li dendrite formation

causing severe damage to the anode. Conversely

although the HC system increases cathode potential

it does not affect the cathode structure. Employing the (LFP/AC)||HC system

various LFP materials are also evaluated

with LFP-3 emerging as the optimal candidate. The HyLICs assembled with LFP-3 exhibit a specific energy of 183.5 Wh/kg

a specific power of 10.4 kW/kg based on the cathode and anode active materials

rate capabilities of 94.5%@30C and 83.7%@60C

and a significantly high capacity-retention rate of 86.5% after 9000 cycles at 9C. This work systematically explores the differences in the electrical performances and potential variations of LFP-based HyLICs across different anode systems

providing theoretical support and experimental basis for developing commercial high-power and long cycle life HyLICs.

关键词

Keywords

references

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