储能科学与技术 ›› 2021, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (3): 848-862.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0164

• 固态离子学与储能专刊 • 上一篇    下一篇

固态锂硫电池电解质及其界面问题研究进展

朱鑫鑫1(), 蒋伟1, 万正威1, 赵澍1, 李泽珩1, 王利光2, 倪文斌2, 凌敏1(), 梁成都1()   

  1. 1.浙江大学化学工程与生物工程学院,浙江 杭州 310007
    2.浙江大学衢州研究院,浙江 衢州 324000
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-17 修回日期:2021-04-19 出版日期:2021-05-05 发布日期:2021-04-30
  • 通讯作者: 凌敏,梁成都 E-mail:22028054@zju.edu.cn;minling@zju.edu.cn;cdliang@zju.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:朱鑫鑫(1998—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为固态锂硫电池,E-mail:22028054@zju.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省创新创业领军团队引进项目(2019R01006);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFB0104300)

Research progress in electrolyte and interfacial issues of solid lithium sulfur batteries

Xinxin ZHU1(), Wei JIANG1, Zhengwei WAN1, Shu ZHAO1, Zeheng LI1, Liguang WANG2, Wenbin NI2, Min LING1(), Chengdu LIANG1()   

  1. 1.College of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
    2.Quzhou Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang, China
  • Received:2021-04-17 Revised:2021-04-19 Online:2021-05-05 Published:2021-04-30
  • Contact: Min LING,Chengdu LIANG E-mail:22028054@zju.edu.cn;minling@zju.edu.cn;cdliang@zju.edu.cn

摘要:

固态锂硫(Li-S)电池通过固态电解质代替传统液态电解液体系,有望同时解决液态Li-S电池多硫化物的穿梭效应、锂金属与液态电解液的副反应、安全性能差等关键科学问题,发挥其高稳定性、高能量密度的优势。然而,固态Li-S电池在固态电解质和电极/电解质界面问题上面临着巨大挑战,本文详细介绍了硫化物固态电解质和聚合物基体电解质在Li-S电池中的研究进展,并重点分析了电极/电解质固-固界面接触问题。针对硫化物固态电解质存在的本征缺陷,阐述了改善固态电解质化学及电化学稳定性的方法;针对有机聚合物电解质,总结分析了影响其离子电导率的关键因素及提升方法。在电极/电解质界面问题方面,揭露了影响界面离子传输及界面稳定性的本征特性,并总结了近年来报道的针对正(负)极/电解质界面离子传输低的改进方法。最后指出要有针对性的解决不同种类电解质的本征缺陷,并结合科学模拟深入研究界面传输机制,在实践中对电极/电解质界面结构的合理设计,对固态Li-S电池的实用化具有重要意义。

关键词: 固态锂硫电池, 固/固界面, 固态电解质, 电化学性能

Abstract:

Solid-state lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries replace the traditional liquid electrolyte system with solid-state electrolyte, which is expected to solve the serious problems of the shuttle effect of polysulfide, the side reaction between lithium metal and liquid electrolyte, poor safety performance in liquid electrolyte-based Li-S batteries. However, solid-state Li-S batteries still face great challenges in terms of the selection of solid-state electrolyte and electrode/electrolyte interfaces. Herein, we review recently studies on the applications of sulfide solid electrolyte and polymer matrix electrolyte, and analyze the electrode/electrolyte interfacial contact issues in the solid-state Li-S batteries. The (electro-)chemical stabilization approaches to solve the intrinsic defects in sulfide solid electrolytes, and the properties of organic polymer electrolytes and ionic conductivity enhancement methods are detailedly summarized. We also demonstrate the intrinsic properties buried in the electrode/electrolyte interfaces that limit the capacity delivering. Recently reported corresponding approaches to suppress these serious problems are further reviewed, especially related to the sluggish reaction kinetics on the interfaces. In the last section, we point out that intrinsic defects of different electrolytes should be addressed critically, and it is of great significance for the practical application of solid-state Li-S batteries to further study the interface transport mechanism and design the electrode/electrolyte interface structure reasonably in practice.

Key words: solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries, solid/solid interface, solid-state electrolyte, electrochemical performance

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