钠离子电池电解质安全性：改善策略与研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0230

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

钠离子电池因为资源的优势以及在大规模储能系统中潜在的应用价值而被研究者们广泛关注。电解质是电池的核心部件之一，起着传导离子、分隔正负极的作用。目前常用到的有机电解质存在着易燃、易泄漏的安全性风险，在钠离子电池的进一步发展与应用中需要克服。本文通过对近期相关文献的总结，综述了提高钠离子电池电解质安全性的开发策略以及研究进展：一方面可以在有机电解质的基础上进行改进与优化，如使用成膜添加剂、阻燃添加剂或者使用高浓度盐电解质；另一方面可以开发新型电解质体系，如水系、离子液体、全固态、离子凝胶等。新型高安全性电解质是目前钠离子电池领域内的研究热点，本文也对几种新型电解质各自的优缺点以及面临的主要挑战进行了详细的分析与讨论，并重点介绍了离子凝胶电解质在钠离子电池中的应用前景。最后，对钠离子电池电解质的发展趋势进行了展望。

关键词: 钠离子电池, 电解质, 固态电解质, 离子凝胶电解质, 安全性

Abstract:

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have been widely concerned by researchers because of their resource advantages and potential application in large-scale energy storage systems. The electrolyte is one of the core components of batteries, which plays roles of conducting ions and separating the cathode and anode electrodes. At present, the most commonly used organic liquid electrolyte has the shortcomings of flammability and easy to leakage, which brings great safety risks to the batteries and hinders the further development and application of SIBs. In this paper, the development strategies and research progress of improving electrolyte safety of SIBs are reviewed by summarizing the currently relevant reports. On the one hand, improvements and optimizations can be made on the basis of organic liquid electrolytes, such as the use of film-forming additives, flame retardant additives, or the use of high-concentration salt electrolytes; on the other hand, new electrolyte systems can be developed, such as aqueous electrolytes, ionic liquid electrolytes, all-solid-state electrolytes, and gel electrolytes etc. Advanced electrolytes are currently a research hotspot in the field of SIBs, in this article, the advantages and disadvantages of several advanced electrolytes and main challenges they faced have been analyzed and discussed. The application prospect of gel electrolytes in SIBs have been eminently introduced. Finally, the development trend of electrolytes for sodium ion batteries is prospected.

Key words: sodium-ion batteries, electrolytes, solid-state electrolytes, gel electrolytes, safety

中图分类号:

TM 911

高永晟, 陈光海, 王欣然, 白莹, 吴川. 钠离子电池电解质安全性：改善策略与研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(5): 1309-1317.

Yongsheng GAO, Guanghai CHEN, Xinran WANG, Ying BAI, Chuan WU. Safety of electrolytes for sodium-ion batteries: Strategies and progress[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(5): 1309-1317.

图/表 2

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