储能科学与技术 ›› 2020, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (3): 696-701.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0055

• 未来科学城储能技术专刊 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于国产三型瓶的氢气加注技术开发

何广利(), 杨康, 董文平, 许壮   

  1. 北京低碳清洁能源研究院，北京 102211
  • 收稿日期:2020-01-31 修回日期:2020-02-22 出版日期:2020-05-05 发布日期:2020-03-15
  • 作者简介:何广利（1978—），男，博士，高级工程师，从事氢能研究，E-mail：guangli.he@chnenergy.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“大规模风/光互补制氢关键技术研究及示范”项目(2018YFB1503105)

Filling technology development for Type III hydrogen tank

HE Guangli(), YANG Kang, DONG Wenpin, XU Zhuang   

  1. National Institute of Clean and-Low-Carbon Energy, Beijing 102211, China
  • Received:2020-01-31 Revised:2020-02-22 Online:2020-05-05 Published:2020-03-15

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摘要：

氢气在加注过程中，因为焦耳-汤姆森效应会使氢气发热，而过高的温度会影响车载储氢瓶的安全性能。目前，国外普遍应用的氢气加注技术基于四型瓶研发，而中国基本是使用国产三型储氢瓶，因此，非常有必要开发国产三型瓶氢气快速加注技术。本工作基于氢气加注过程的物理和数学模型以及实验结果，首先研究了基于国产三型瓶的车载储氢参数、加注参数、环境参数等对加注速度、加注截止温度和压力的影响，进而开发了氢气加注过程中的温度预测工具，并进行了实验验证，基于此开发了基于国产三型瓶的氢气加注过程温度预测方法。然后，采用温度预测工具对比了三型瓶和四型瓶对加注速度的影响以及加氢站能耗的影响，结果表明，在保证加注率情况下，采用三型瓶可以明显降低加氢站的能耗，对国内加氢站开发具有重要意义。

关键词: 加氢站, 氢气加注, 温升, 能耗

Abstract:

With their advantages of zero emissions, long cruising range and quick refueling speed, fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) are have wide potential for long cruising range and heavy load applications. During refueling, the tank of an FCEV and its contained hydrogen are heated by the Joule-Thomson effect. An overheated tank compromises the safety of onboard storage, necessitating a specialized refueling technology. In the US, Japan and Europe, this technology has been developed for Type IV tanks. However, China requires a refueling technology for Type III tanks, currently the only available tank type in the country. This study develops and experimentally analyzes a physical and mathematical model of the refueling process for Type III tanks. The Type III tank parameters, refueling parameters and environmental parameters were varied and their effects on refueling speed, final temperature and target pressure were investigated. The temperature rose rapidly when the initial pressure and filling rate were high. Next, a temperature prediction tool for Type III and Type IV refueling was developed and experimentally validated. The proposed method and the developed tool revealed important differences between Type III and Type IV tank refueling. For instance, the temperature gradients across the tank thickness were significantly different in the Type III and Type IV tanks. Across the inner layer, the temperature was nearly uniform in the Type III tank but increased linearly in the Type IV tank. The larger temperature gradient in the Type IV tank indicates a higher energy requirement for precooling the hydrogen in a Type IV tank than in a Type III tank with the same state of charge. Refueling a 35 MPa Type IV tank requires 0.65 kW·h/kg at an ambient temperature of 38 ℃, which increases the operation cost at the hydrogen station. This work provides important guidelines for the domestic development of hydrogen refueling stations.

Key words: hydrogen refueling station, hydrogen filling, temperature rise, energy consumption

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