应用于城轨列车混合储能系统的能量管理策略

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2019.0206

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对城轨列车频繁的启动与制动对直流牵引网电压造成的较大冲击，提出一种由超级电容与蓄电池组成的混合储能系统，该系统可以满足城轨列车对于高能量和高功率的要求，能够维持直流牵引网电压的稳定，保证城轨列车的安全运行。在同时考虑储能元件过充、过放和补偿范围的情况下，对混合储能系统设计了功率分配策略。该功率分配策略在低通滤波法的基础上，结合超级电容的荷电状态（SOC），通过低通滤波器对混合储能系统进行功率和能量的分配与管理，由超级电容负责变化的高频功率，蓄电池补偿相应的低频功率。仿真结果表明：直流牵引网电压能够在1500 V上下波动，蓄电池和超级电容可以在各自的荷电状态范围内工作，储能元件均不会出现过充、过放的情况，并且超级电容的存在能够使蓄电池免受较大冲击，增加蓄电池的使用次数。所提出的混合储能系统以及控制策略不但能够保证直流牵引网电压在要求的范围内波动，还能够延长储能元件的使用寿命，并且能将城轨列车的回馈能量收集起来，提升能量的利用率。

关键词: 混合储能系统, 低通滤波法, 功率分配, 能量管理, 荷电状态

Abstract:

This study aims to examine the significant impact of the frequent starting and braking of the urban rail trains on the voltage of the traction network. A hybrid energy storage system comprising a supercapacitor and battery, which can satisfy the high energy and power requirements of urban rail trains and maintain the voltage stability of the DC traction network to ensure its safe operation, is proposed. A power allocation strategy is designed for a hybrid energy storage system by considering the over-charge, over-discharge, and compensation range of the energy storage elements. Based on the low-pass filtering method, the power allocation strategy combines the supercapacitor’s state-of-charge to allocate and manage the power and energy of the hybrid energy storage system through a low-pass filter. The supercapacitor compensates for the variable high-frequency power, whereas the battery compensates for the corresponding low-frequency power. The simulation results reveal that the voltage of the DC traction network can fluctuate at approximately 1500 V; the battery and supercapacitor can operate within their respective states of charge and will not over-charge or over-discharge. The supercapacitor protects the battery from large shocks and increases the service life of the battery. The proposed hybrid energy storage system and control strategy can not only ensure that the voltage of the DC traction network fluctuates within the required range but also prolong the service life of the energy storage elements; the feedback energy of the urban rail trains can be captured to improve the energy utilization rate.

Key words: hybrid energy storage system, low-pass filtering method, power allocation, energy management, state of charge

中图分类号:

TM 92

章宝歌, 李萍, 张振, 王宇, 荣耀. 应用于城轨列车混合储能系统的能量管理策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(1): 204-210.

ZHANG Baoge, LI Ping, ZHANG Zhen, WANG Yu, RONG Yao. Energy management strategy of hybrid energy storage system for urban rail trains[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(1): 204-210.

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类型	参数	参数值
蓄电池	标称电压/V	800
	额定容量/A·h	200
	内阻/Ω	0.04
	初始荷电状态/%	80
超级电容	额定电容/F	162
	额定电压/V	900
	串联个数	368
	并联个数	13
	初始荷电状态/%	70%

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