一种适用于复合储能的双向DC/DC变换器

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2019.0194

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

储能技术是解决可再生能源发电因输出功率间歇性和波动性而导致供电电能质量差的有效途径。但单一储能系统存在能量密度低或者功率密度低的问题，因此复合储能系统在保障电力系统安全稳定运行方面应用更为广泛。针对现有蓄电池与超级电容复合储能系统的结构和运行特点，提出一种适用于复合储能的双向DC/DC变换器。该复合储能系统的能量存储单元以蓄电池为主电源、超级电容为辅助电源。同时，该系统增加了超级电容预充电回路以保障能量存储单元（超级电容）具有良好的荷电状态。详细分析了该复合储能系统的工作原理、三种工作方式（超级电容预充电冷备用模式、boost模式和buck模式），推导出boost模式和buck模式电压变换比。通过在Matlab/Simulink中搭建仿真模型，验证了其主要工作波形。结果表明该系统具有开关器件电压应力低、开关损耗小、可提供大电流、可改善蓄电池寿命等优点。本研究有助于推动双向DC/DC变换器在复合储能系统中的应用，为更高效稳定运行的复合储能技术的研发提供一定的理论和仿真实验依据。

关键词: 复合储能系统, 双向DC/DC变换器, 电压应力, 电感电流

Abstract:

The energy storage technology is an effective method for solving the problem of poor power quality caused by intermittent and fluctuating power output. However, a single energy storage system has issues with low energy density or power density; therefore, a hybrid energy storage system （HESS） is extensively used to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power system. According to the structure and operational characteristics of the existing battery-supercapacitor HESS, this study proposes a bidirectional DC/DC converter for the HESS, which uses a battery as the main power supply and a supercapacitor as the auxiliary power supply. Meanwhile, the HESS includes a supercapacitor pre-charging circuit to ensure that the energy storage unit （supercapacitor） exhibits a good state of charge. The working principle and three working modes of the HESS （supercapacitor pre-charging cold stand-by mode, boost mode, and buck mode） are analyzed in detail, and the voltage conversion ratios of the boost and buck modes are determined. Further, the main waveforms are verified by building a simulation model using the MATLAB/Simulink software. The results show that the system has the advantages of low voltage stress and switching loss from switching devices, providing a high current and improved battery life. This study is helpful in promoting the application of a bidirectional DC/DC converter in the HESS and provides an experimental, theoretical, and simulation basis for the research and development of an efficient and stable hybrid energy storage technology.

Key words: hybrid energy storage system, bidirectional DC/DC converter, voltage stress, inductor current

中图分类号:

TM 46

章宝歌, 张振, 王东豪, 李萍, 荣耀. 一种适用于复合储能的双向DC/DC变换器[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(1): 178-185.

ZHANG Baoge, ZHANG Zhen, WANG Donghao, LI Ping, RONG Yao. A bidirectional DC/DC converter for hybrid energy storage system[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(1): 178-185.

图/表 15

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

表1

图9

图10

图11

图12

图13

图14

参考文献 22

1	陈锦攀, 刘俏, 裘钢. 基于专利视角的电力储能领域发展态势与对策[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2019, 8(3): 613-618.
	CHEN Jinpan, LIU Qiao, QIU Gang. Development trend and countermeasure of electric power storage based on patent analysis[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2019, 8(3): 613-618.
2	薛金花, 叶季蕾, 陶琼, 等. 电力储能技术的适用性评价模型与方法研究[J]. 高电压技术, 2018, 44(7): 2239-2246.
	XUE Jinhua, YE Jilei, TAO Qiong, et al. Feasibility evaluation model and method of energy storage technologies in power system[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2018, 44(7): 2239-2246.
3	刘畅, 徐玉杰, 张静, 等. 储能经济性研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2017, 6(5): 1084-1093.
	LIU Chang, XU Yujie, ZHANG Jing, et al. Research progress in economic study of energy storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2017, 6(5): 1084-1093.
4	陈美福, 赵新, 金新民, 等. 直流微网中复合储能装置的并联技术研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2016, 31(S2): 142-149.
	CHEN Meifu, ZHAO Xin, JIN Xinmin, et al. Research on parallel control strategy of hybrid energy storage units in DC microgrid[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2016, 31(S2): 142-149.
5	WEN L J, CHEAN H L, SHUNG H W W, et al. Battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system in standalone DC microgrids: A review[J]. IET Renewable Power Generation, 2017, 11(4): 461-469.
6	XIAO J F, WANG P, LEONARDY S. Hierarchical control of energy storage system in DC microgrids[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2015, 62(8): 4915-4924.
7	XIA X Y, ZHAO X X, ZENG H Q, et al. A novel design of hybrid energy storage system for electric vehicles[J]. Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2018, 4(1): 45-51.
8	XUE X D, CHENG K W E, RAMAN S R, et al. Investigation of energy distribution and power split of hybrid energy storage systems in electric [C]//IEEE: 2016 International Symposium on Electrical Engineering (ISEE), Hong Kong, 2016: 1-7.
9	KOLLMEYER P. Optimal performance of a full scale Li-ion battery and Li-ion capacitor hybrid energy storage system for a plug-in hybrid vehicle[C]//IEEE: 2017 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Cincinnati, 2017: 572-577.
10	王荔妍, 陈启鑫, 何冠楠, 等. 考虑电池储能寿命模型的发电计划优化[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2019, 43(8): 93-101.
	WANG Liyan, CHEN Qixin, HE Guannan, et al. Optimization of generation scheduling considering battery energy storage life model[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2019, 43(8): 93-101.
11	崔强, 王庆军, 童亦斌, 等. 基于半桥级联的电池柔性成组储能系统及控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(5): 954-962.
	CUI Qiang, WANG Qingjun, TONG Yibin, et al. Flexible battery energy storage system and control strategy based on half-bridge cascade technology[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2019, 34(5): 954-962.
12	金科, 杨孟雄, 阮新波. 三电平双向变换器[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2006, 26(18): 41-46.
	JIN Ke, YANG Mengxiong, RUAN Xinbo. three-level bidirectional DC-DC converter[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2006, 26(18): 41-46
13	郭瑞, 王磊. 混合储能系统六通道双向DC-DC变换器耦合电感研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2017, 32(1): 117-128.
	GUO Rui, WANG Lei. Research on coupled inductors of 6-channel bidirectional DC-DC converters for hybrid energy storage system[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2017, 32(1): 117-128.
14	马茜, 郭昕, 罗培, 等. 基于超级电容储能的新型铁路功率调节器协调控制策略设计[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(4): 765-776.
	MA Qian, GUO Xin, LUO Pei, et al. Coordinated control strategy design of new type railway power regulator based on supercapacitor energy storage[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2019, 34(4): 765-776.
15	刘宿城, 甘洋洋, 刘晓东, 刘雁飞. 超级电容接口双向DC-DC变换器的电压快恢复控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2018, 33(23): 5496-5508.
	LIU Sucheng, GAN Yangyang, LIU Xiaodong, et al. Fast voltage recovery control strategy for supercapacitor interfacing bidirectional DC-DC converter[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2018, 33(23): 5496-5508.
16	MARZOUGUI H, KADRI A, AMARI M, et al. Frequency separation based energy management strategy for fuel cell electrical vehicle with super-capacitor storage system[C]//IEEE: 2018 9th International Renewable Energy Congress (IREC), 2018:1-6.
17	WANG J, XU Y, LÜ M. Modeling and simulation analysis of hybrid energy storage system based on wind power generation system[C]//IEEE: 2018 International Conference on Control, Automation and Information Sciences (ICCAIS), Hangzhou, China, 2018: 422-427.
18	张国驹, 唐西胜, 齐智平. 超级电容器与蓄电池混合储能系统在微网中的应用[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2010, 34(12): 85-89.
	ZHANG Guoju, TANG Xisheng, QI Zhiping. Application of hybrid energy storage system of supercapacitors and batteries in a microgrid[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2010, 34(12): 85-89.
19	王琪, 孙玉坤. 一种混合动力汽车复合电源能量管理系统控制策略与优化设计方法研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2014, 34(S1): 195-203.
	WANG Qi, SUN Yukun. Research on the control strategy and optimization of energy management system of hybrid energy storage in a hybrid electric vehicle[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2014, 34(S1): 195-203.
20	陈厚合, 杜欢欢, 张儒峰, 等. 考虑风电不确定性的混合储能容量优化配置及运行策略研究[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2018, 38(8): 174-182+188.
	CHEN Houhe, DU Huanhuan, ZHANG Rufeng, et al. Optimal capacity configuration and operation strategy of hybrid energy storage considering uncertainty of wind power[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2018, 38(8): 174-182+188.
21	LI B B, XU D D, ZHANG Y, et al. Closed-loop pre-charge control of modular multilevel converters during start-up processes[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2015, 30(2): 524-531.
22	武伟, 谢少军, 张曌, 等. 基于MMC双向DC-DC变换器的超级电容储能系统控制策略分析与设计[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2014, 34(27): 4568-4575.
	WU Wei, XIE Shaojun, ZHANG Zhao, et al. Analysis and design of control strategy for MMC-BDC based ultra-capacitors energy storage systems[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2014, 34(27): 4568-4575.

参数	数值
蓄电池组电压	120 V
超级电容组电压	120 V
母线侧电压	300 V
电感	9 mH
预充电电阻	6.94×10^-5Ω
输出电容	1.2 mF