复杂运营环境下快充型公交充电策略优化方法

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2019.0140

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

纯电动公交车已逐渐成为城市公共交通的主要工具，如何实现快速及时的电能补给同时避免电网系统在安全性和经济性方面受到影响是当前发展中面临的一个重要问题。在考虑复杂运营环境中影响充电策略的多种因素基础上，利用双层优化模型和滚动优化方法，本工作提出了一种纯电动公交车充电策略优化方法。首先建立了以充电费用和电池损耗成本为目标的快速充电双层优化模型，上层模型预测层根据日前公交车期望满载率、交通指数和分时电价等预测数据给出纯电动公交车日前充电计划，下层模型调度层根据实时运营数据对日前充电计划进行滚动优化。MATLAB的仿真结果验证了所提出的方法可以有效优化纯电动公交车充电过程，提高纯电动公交车快速充电的经济性，同时降低大量纯电动公交车集中充电对电网造成的影响。

关键词: 纯电动公交车, 有序充电, 双层优化模型, 间歇充电, 滚动优化, 充电成本

Abstract:

Pure electric buses have gradually become the main mode of urban public transport in China. One of the key issues associated with this development is how to provide rapid and timely electric power supply for the electric buses while avoiding the potential safety and economic impacts associated with a power grid system. This study proposes a charging strategy optimization method for pure electric buses using a double-level optimization model and a rolling optimization method while considering multiple factors that affect the charging strategy in a complex operating environment. First, this study establishes a two-tier optimization model for rapidly charging pure electric buses, aiming to minimize the costs associated with the charging and battery loss. The upper tier predicts a forecast charging plan for pure electric buses based on the expected full load rate, traffic index and time-of-use electricity cost. The lower tier is the model-dispatching level, which performs rolling optimization of the forecasted charging plan according to the real-time operation data. The MATLAB simulation results reveal that the proposed method can effectively optimize the pure electric bus charging process, improve the economy of rapid charging, and reduce the impact of concentrated charging of a large number of pure electric buses on the power grid.

Key words: pure electric bus, coordinated charging, two-layer optimization model, intermittent charging, rolling optimization, charging costs

中图分类号:

U 469.72

周　丹, 任志伟, 孙　可, 陈锡祥, 郑伟民. 复杂运营环境下快充型公交充电策略优化方法[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(1): 195-203.

ZHOU Dan, REN Zhiwei, SUN Ke, CHEN Xixiang, ZHENG Weimin. Optimization method of fast charging buses charging strategy for complex operating environment[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(1): 195-203.

图/表 16

表1

图1

图2

图3

表2

车辆参数表"

名称	参数
电池总量B	324 kW $?$ h
满载时每公里能耗E'	1.6 kW $?$ h/km
空车质量 $m 0$	14500 kg
线路长度L	50 km
道路通畅时平均单圈运行时间T'	1 h
电池购置成本M_bat	20万元
SOC_max	0.8
SOC_min	0.2
额定载客量	50人

表2

表3

分时电价信息"

时间段	电价/元 $?$ （kW $?$ h）^-1
0：00—8：00	0.365
8：00—12：00	0.869
12：00—14：00	0.488
14：00—17：00	0.488
17：00—21：00	0.869
21：00—24：00	0.365

表3

图4

表4

表5

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

表6

无序充电与滚动优化"

分时电价	滚动优化	无序充电
峰电价时段/ $k W ? h$	1029.5	1960.2
平电价时段/ $k W ? h$	1563.25	1020.6
谷电价时段/ $k W ? h$	388.05	0
合计/ $k W ? h$	2980.8	2980.8

表6

图10

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交通指数	对应情况	耗时系数α
0～2	畅通	0
2～4	基本畅通	0.08
4～6	轻度拥堵	0.17
6～8	中度拥堵	0.25
8～10	严重拥堵	≥0.25