储能科学与技术 ›› 2019, Vol. 8 ›› Issue (6): 1076-1081.doi: 10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2019.0057

• 锂电池失效分析与测试技术专刊 • 上一篇    下一篇

锂离子动力电池中等荷电状态下热失控产物喷发过程

王贺武, 张亚军, 李成, 李伟峰, 欧阳明高   

  1. 清华大学汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室, 北京 100084
  • 收稿日期:2019-04-16 修回日期:2019-04-23 出版日期:2019-11-01 发布日期:2019-04-23
  • 通讯作者: 李伟峰,博士,助理研究员,主要研究方向为锂离子电池安全,E-mail:lwfsearch@126.com。
  • 作者简介:王贺武(1966-),男,副研究员,主要研究方向为锂离子电池安全,E-mail:wanghw@tsinghua.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家国际科技合作专项项目（2016YFE0102200），中国博士后科学基金项目（2018M631464），国家自然科学基金联合基金项目（U1564205）。

Venting process of lithium-ion power battery during thermal runaway under medium state of charge

WANG Hewu, ZHANG Yajun, LI Cheng, LI Weifeng, OUYANG Minggao   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • Received:2019-04-16 Revised:2019-04-23 Online:2019-11-01 Published:2019-04-23

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摘要： 以电动汽车用方壳型镍钴锰（NCM）锂离子动力电池为研究对象，以氮气为惰性保护，采用高速摄影的方法，在密闭容器内开展了电池热失控产物喷发过程的试验研究。检测压力突变表明，中等荷电状态下的电池热失控后的喷发过程出现了2次剧烈喷射，分别导致了喷发物射流区温度的突然降低和快速升高。借助辅助光源，捕捉到了热失控产物首次喷发演变过程的高速影像，进一步分析发现，首次喷发经历了初期的带状和锥形喷发，然后进入较长时间的无定形喷发和后期的倒锥形喷发；同时，在影像中还观察到了气-液-固三相共存的特征。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 热失控, 喷发, 高速摄影

Abstract: An electric vehicles used commercial prismatic battery cell with lithium nickel manganese oxide cathode was selected to research the venting process of the products released during thermal runaway. The test was carried out in a sealed chamber with nitrogen as an inert protective environment to avoid combustion, and a high-speed photography was adopted to capture the rapid venting process. The sudden change of the detection pressure indicated that two intense injections occurred during the venting process under medium state of charge, and separately resulted in a sudden decrease and a rapid increase of the temperature in the jet region. With the aid of the auxiliary light source, high-speed images of the first venting evolution of the products caused by thermal runaway were captured. Further analysis revealed that the venting process experiences an initial strip and cone eruption first, followed by a longer period of amorphous eruption, and then a later inverted conical eruption. At the same time, the characteristics of gas-liquid-solid three-phase coexistence were also observed in the images.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, thermal runaway, venting, high-speed photography

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