储能科学与技术 ›› 2018, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (3): 424-430.doi: 10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2018.0001

• 高比能量动力锂离子电池专刊 • 上一篇    下一篇

密闭空间中锂离子电池的热爆炸危险性

赵春朋1, 王青松1, 余彦1,2   

  1. 1. 中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室, 安徽 合肥 230026;
    2. 中国科学院能源转换材料重点实验室, 中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程系, 安徽 合肥 230026
  • 收稿日期:2018-01-03 修回日期:2018-01-21 出版日期:2018-05-01 发布日期:2018-03-23
  • 通讯作者: 王青松,副研究员,主要研究方向为锂离子电池火灾动力学及消防对策、火灾环境下玻璃的破裂及脱落机制等,E-mail:pinew@ustc.edu.cn;余彦,教授,主要研究方向为一维纳米材料的可控制备及应用、高性能锂离子电池、钠离子电池、锂硫电池等关键电极材料的设计、合成及储能机制,E-mail:yanyumse@ustc.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:赵春朋(1992-),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为锂离子电池的热爆炸危险性,E-mail:ustczcp@mail.ustc.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFB0100305），国家自然科学基金面上项目（51674228）。

Thermal explosion hazards of lithium-ion batteries in hermetic space

ZHAO Chunpeng1, WANG Qingsong1, YU Yan1,2   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
  • Received:2018-01-03 Revised:2018-01-21 Online:2018-05-01 Published:2018-03-23
  • About author:2018-03-23

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摘要： 使用扩展容积加速度量热仪（extend volume accelerating rate calorimeter，EV-ARC）及耐压罐，开展了密闭空间中不同荷电状态（SOC）下18650型锂离子电池的热爆炸实验。实验发现，SOC=0%时电池不会发生热爆炸，而在其它工况下均发生了热爆炸；电池发生热爆炸时，电池表面最高温度、耐压罐内部最大压力都随着SOC的增加而增大。利用实验中电池发生热爆炸时的初始温度和最高温度，通过计算得到了不同SOC下电池发生热爆炸时的爆炸当量，当SOC=100%时，爆炸当量值最大，为5.45 gTNT，约是SOC=25%时的2.5倍，并在耐压罐中产生40.69 bar的峰值压力。锂离子电池在密闭中的热爆炸危险性随着电池SOC的增加而增大。

关键词: 密闭空间, 锂离子电池, 热爆炸, EV-ARC

Abstract: As a new type of clean energy, lithium-ion battery has been used in various fields for its high energy density and extended cycle life, but in some conditions such as overheating, overcharging and short circuit, the lithium-ion battery would get into thermal runaway or even thermal explosion. To study the thermal explosion behaviors of the lithium-ion battery, a series of thermal explosion experiments of 18650 lithium-ion battery under different stages of charge (SOCs) in hermetic space was carried out using extend volume accelerating rate calorimeter (EV-ARC) and a stainless steel pressure canister(the volume of this vessel is 292mL). In these experiments, the lithium-ion battery was overheated until it got into thermal explosion and the stage SOC of sample cells was 0, 25%, 35%, 50%, 65%, 75%, 85% and 100%, respectively. By the experiment trails, we could get some vital thermal hazard characters of batteries, such as the thermal explosion initial temperature, the maximum temperature, the maximum pressure, temperature rise rate, pressure rise rate, et al. The experimental results showed that there was no thermal explosion at 0% SOC, while it occurred under other conditions. When the battery got into thermal explosion, the maximum surface temperature of the battery and the maximum canister internal pressure increase with the increase of SOC. The thermal energy released from the battery under different SOCs during thermal explosion was calculated using the initial temperature and the maximum temperature of the battery. When the battery was fully charged, the explosion equivalent value was 5.45 g TNT, which is about 1.5 times higher than that of 25% SOC, and the maximum canister internal pressure was 40.69 bar at 100% SOC. In hermetic space, the thermal explosion hazards of 18650 lithium-ion batteries increase with the increases SOC.

Key words: hermetic space, lithium-ion batteries, thermal explosion, EV-ARC

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