微纳米空心结构金属氧化物作为锂离子电池负极材料的研究进展

doi:10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2017.0084

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 电动汽车和智能电网的快速发展对锂离子电池提出了更高的要求，即在拥有高能量密度和高功率密度的同时，兼有快速充放电和较高的安全性能。电极材料是电池性能的关键，金属氧化物因为拥有较高的比容量和安全性能，已经成为有希望替代传统商用石墨负极的新型电极材料。然而，金属氧化物负极的循环结构稳定性较差、电导率低，由此导致差的循环及倍率性能，极大地阻碍了其商业化应用。近年来，拥有微纳米空心结构的金属氧化物显示出了优异的电化学性能。本文介绍了制备空心结构金属氧化物的常用方法，讨论了各种方法的优缺点，并列举了常见空心结构金属氧化物作为锂离子电池负极时的性能表现，最后对空心结构金属氧化物未来的发展方向和发展前景予以展望。

关键词: 微纳米空心结构, 金属氧化物, 锂离子电池, 负极材料

Abstract: More efforts are needed to upgrade the performances of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for their further applications in various large electrical appliances such as electric vehicles and smart grid as these devices require high capacity, power density, high rate capability and especially safety. Electrode materials are the key to the performance of LIBs. Recently, metal oxides with much higher capacities and better safety have the prospect of becoming alternative anode materials of commercial graphite. However, the intrinsic low charge/ionic conductivity and poor cycling structural stability lead to poor cycling and rate performances, which greatly hinder their commercial applications. To overcome these disadvantages of metal oxide anodes for LIBs, several strategies have been developed during the past decade. Among them, metal oxide hollow micro-nanostructures exhibit excellent electrochemical properties as anode material for LIBs. In this review, we first describe the current commonly preparation methods to synthesize metal oxide hollow structures and comment on their advantages and shortages. According to some typical examples, we show the promising use of metal oxides hollow-structured anode materials for LIBs. Finally, the direction and prospect of metal oxide hollow micro-nanostructures using as anode materials are further discussed.

Key words: hollow micro-nanostructures, metal oxides, lithium-ion battery, anode materials

麻亚挺，黄健，刘翔，刘鹏飞，蔡余新，谢清水，彭栋梁. 微纳米空心结构金属氧化物作为锂离子电池负极材料的研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2017, 6(5): 871-888.

MA Yating, HUANG Jian, LIU Xiang, LIU Pengfei, CAI Yuxin, XIE Qingshui, PENG Dongliang. Hollow micro/nanostructures metal oxide as advanced anodes for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2017, 6(5): 871-888.

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